Biofunctional potential and utilization of camel hump fat: traditional knowledge and scientific perspectives

Background: Camel hump fat is a natural resource with multiple applications. It is used for traditional, medicinal, cosmetic, and nutritional purposes. Despite its historical significance, little scientific research has been conducted on its economic potential and its changing role in contemporary society. In order to optimize the use of camel hump fat, we need to further our understanding of the interplay  between traditional practices and modern markets. Aim: This study examines traditional practices, market dynamics, and socio-cultural factors influencing the use of camel hump fat in Algeria’s Ouargla region. We reveal critical gaps in the literature regarding this natural resource. Methods: We adopted a mixed-method approach, which included an analysis of production data. Surveys were conducted with 200 consumers and 80 butchers and sellers. Usage patterns and market trends were evaluated using principal component analysis. Results: The data revealed a significant decline in production, from 332.3 tons in 2020 to 144.5 tons in 2022, with price variations between 70–120 Algerian dinars (DA), equivalent to €0.48–0.83. We highlighted the disparity between theoretical knowledge and practical applications across demographic groups. We found that the use of camel hump fat among educated younger men was limited, whereas older women use it regularly, despite their lack of formal education. Camel fat is a multifunctional resource with applications in three principal fields: medical/therapeutic (treating joint pain, respiratory conditions, etc.), cosmetic (hair care, anti-aging, etc.), and culinary/nutritional. Our observations show that usage patterns are influenced by education level, cultural background, and personal experience, with a clear generational divide in terms of traditional practices. Conclusions: These findings highlight the interaction between traditional knowledge and modern scientific approaches. Our analysis sheds light on the changing role of traditional products in contemporary society.