Caracterización fenotípica de nueve líneas promisorias de arroz (Oryza sp.) de grano largo en la zona de CEDEGE, província de Los Ríos

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a global staple food and a crop of great economic importance. The general objective was to determine the phenotypic traits of different lines, and the specific objectives were: 1) to evaluate agronomic and productive characteristics of nine cultivars against a control, and 2) to select the best-performing lines. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test were applied. The trial included three replications and the cultivars L-12, L-33, L-17, L-19, L-3, L-27, L-07, GR, and SFL-11 (commercial control). Variables such as number of tillers, plant height, length and number of panicles, 1000-grain weight, yield per hectare, and grain quality (with and without hull) were analyzed. Data were obtained through direct observation and physical measurements. The analysis showed significant differences in yield (p = 0.0019), with SFL-11 having the highest yield (6281.19 kg/ha) and L-12 the lowest (2045.52 kg/ha). There were no significant differences in plant spacing (p = 0.509) or row spacing (p = 0.9514). Hulled grain length was highly significant (p < 0.0001), with L-17 being the longest (10.16 mm) and GR the shortest (9.17 mm). There were also differences in grain width (p < 0.0001), with SFL-11 (2.63 mm) and GR (1.92 mm) standing out. Significant differences were also observed in hulled grain. Three outstanding lines were selected: SFL-11, L-33 (5571.1 kg/ha), and GR (4629.61 kg/ha). Further research on L-33 and GR is recommended due to their potential.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a global staple food and a crop of great economic importance. The general objective was to determine the phenotypic traits of different lines, and the specific objectives were: 1) to evaluate agronomic and productive characteristics of nine cultivars against a control, and 2) to select the best-performing lines. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test were applied. The trial included three replications and the cultivars L-12, L-33, L-17, L-19, L-3, L-27, L-07, GR, and SFL-11 (commercial control). Variables such as number of tillers, plant height, length and number of panicles, 1000-grain weight, yield per hectare, and grain quality (with and without hull) were analyzed. Data were obtained through direct observation and physical measurements. The analysis showed significant differences in yield (p = 0.0019), with SFL-11 having the highest yield (6281.19 kg/ha) and L-12 the lowest (2045.52 kg/ha). There were no significant differences in plant spacing (p = 0.509) or row spacing (p = 0.9514). Hulled grain length was highly significant (p < 0.0001), with L-17 being the longest (10.16 mm) and GR the shortest (9.17 mm). There were also differences in grain width (p < 0.0001), with SFL-11 (2.63 mm) and GR (1.92 mm) standing out. Significant differences were also observed in hulled grain. Three outstanding lines were selected: SFL-11, L-33 (5571.1 kg/ha), and GR (4629.61 kg/ha). Further research on L-33 and GR is recommended due to their potential.

El arroz (Oryza sativa L.) es un alimento básico a nivel mundial y un cultivo de gran importancia económica. El objetivo general fue determinar los caracteres fenotípicos de distintas líneas, y entre los objetivos específicos estuvieron: 1) evaluar características agronómicas y productivas de nueve cultivares frente a un testigo, y 2) seleccionar las líneas con mejor rendimiento. Se aplicó análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey. El ensayo incluyó tres repeticiones y los cultivares L-12, L-33, L-17, L-19, L-3, L-27, L-07, GR y SFL-11 (testigo comercial). Se analizaron variables como número de macollos, altura de planta, longitud y número de panículas, peso de 1000 granos, rendimiento por hectárea y calidad del grano (con y sin cáscara). Los datos se obtuvieron por observación directa y mediciones físicas. El análisis mostró diferencias significativas en el rendimiento (p = 0,0019), siendo SFL-11 la de mayor rendimiento (6281,19 kg/ha) y L-12 la menor (2045,52 kg/ha). No hubo diferencias significativas en distanciamiento entre plantas (p = 0,509) ni entre hileras (p = 0,9514). La longitud del grano con cáscara presentó alta significancia (p < 0,0001), con L-17 como el más largo (10,16 mm) y GR el más corto (9,17 mm). También hubo diferencias en el ancho del grano (p < 0,0001), destacando SFL-11 (2,63 mm) y GR (1,92 mm). En grano sin cáscara también se observaron diferencias significativas. Se seleccionaron tres líneas destacadas: SFL-11, L-33 (5571,1 kg/ha) y GR (4629,61 kg/ha), recomendando continuar investigaciones sobre L-33 y GR por su potencial.