Uso dietético de pigmentos carotenoides em organismos aquáticos sul-americanos

This work aimed to know the implications of the dietary use of carotenoid pigments in some aquatic organisms native to South America with aquaculture potential. The articles were based on: Testing the influence of the use of anatto extract Bixa orelana on the final diet of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in the BFT system on commercial farm in pigmentation of the final product; To test the use of synthetic astaxanthin in the diet of the ornamental mollusk Ampularia Pomacea diffusa in the growth phase and its implications; To determine the accumulation of carotenoids and reproductive performance in breeding of Amazonia shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum using the extracts of buriti Mauritia flexuosa, anatto Bixa orelana and synthetic astaxanthin; To determine the influence of the use of synthetic astaxanthin on the diet of Pacamã Lophiosilurus alexandri in the development, pigmentation, blood and liver parameters. The results of the experiments demonstrated that bixin sprinkled on the surface of the shrimp feed undergo leaching to salt water at significant levels from 2 h of immersion. The carotenoids present in the biofloc of the L. vannamei culture had a low correlation with the shrimp (L * a * b *) coloration. The treatment with 80% shading and feed containing 1,235 mg/Kg of bixin for 14 days was the one that presented the best results in the coloration of the shrimps in natura and cooked in the various coordinates of the CIELAB system. The ampularias fed commercial shrimp feed had better feed conversion, high feed efficiency and condition factor above the initial average, which demonstrates that this feed can be used for their cultivation. Dietary supplementation of synthetic astaxanthin did not result in a significant increase in the concentration of this pigment in the musculature of the gastropod mollusc. Feeding with commercial feed improves the condition factor of Amazon shrimp breeders, especially in the case of females. The addition of carotenoid pigments in the diet of these crustaceans provides greater production of spermatophores and sperm survival. Diets containing natural bixin and synthetic astaxanthin contribute to the accumulation of body astaxanthin in shrimp and eggs. No differences were observed in the performance of the animals tested with the different pigmenters. Pacamã is able to take advantage of dietary astaxanthin for deposition of carotenoids in muscle and integument. However, it did not influence its development and nutritional condition in the life stage studied by the two-month growing period. However, high doses of this pigment appear to contribute to the reduction of levels of the AST liver enzyme without influencing the histological condition of the liver. For the best use of synthetic astaxanthin as a pigment and more balanced staining between the muscle and the integument, the level of inclusion in the pacaman diet of 100 mg/Kg of this carotenoid is recommended