From Preservative to Environmental and Health Hazards: A Review on Diverse Applications, Health Impacts and Detection Methods of Paraben(s)
2024
Pooja Upadhyay, Pammi Gauba and Ashwani Mathur
Paraben(s), or p-hydroxybenzoate derivatives, have been extensively used as preservatives in catalogs of products for decades. The chemical(s) of the group are well known for their water solubility, chemical stability, and low production costs. Additionally, these synthetic organics can be used as supplements in cosmetics, packaged foods, pharmaceuticals, and many other products requiring prolonged shelf lives. However, recent reports of parabenmediated endocrine disruptions, allergic responses, cancer, loss of fertility, and respiratory disorders are alarming and are the signs of growing health and environmental hazards. The unregulated disposal of packaged products supplemented with parabens and unintended uses may increase the environmental burden in the time to come. Recent studies exploring the health hazards associated with the use or consumption of compounds have provided insight into the underlying mechanisms of action. The paraben(s) are assimilated through two routes: oral administration and skin permeation. The ability to detect compounds in different environmental habitats with robust and specific techniques is important due to the unintended public health burdens of these compounds. This review presents the recent findings on the health burden of the compounds, fallacies in detection, and chronological advancements in the detection of paraben(s). This review assesses the impact of the increasing use of parabens on different cohorts, health hazards, and the need to develop more robust and accurate tools for detecting parabens in different environments.
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