Comparative shell morphometry of three mytilidae species: insights into the invasive potential of Mytella strigata over native mussels

Abstract Background The invasion of non-native mollusks is a significant ecological concern in many aquatic ecosystems worldwide, leading to the displacement or extinction of resident species. Mytella strigata, a bivalve native to Central and South America, has rapidly expanded its distribution across Asia, particularly along the coasts of India. M. strigata has established dense populations in coastal and backwater regions, causing substantial damage to the local molluscan fisheries. The success of invasion is largely attributed to distinct morphological, anatomical, and functional traits that provide a competitive advantage over native fauna. The present study aims to investigate the variations in shell morphometric characteristics between the invasive M. strigata and two native mussel species, Perna perna and P. viridis. Results Our findings revealed significant variations in shell morphometry between M. strigata and native species. Invasive species possesses smaller and elongated shells which expected to enhance larval dispersal capabilities and confer a competitive advantage in crowded or resource-limited environments. Their euryhaline and eurythermal tolerance further contribute to its broad dispersal and colonisation potential, allowing it to thrive in diverse environmental conditions. Conclusion This study provides the first detailed comparison of shell morphometry among three mussel species, including one invasive species. Mytella strigata, the invasive species in the study area, exhibits several advantageous morphological and morphometric traits that may enhance its invasion success. Understanding these trait-habitat is essential for evaluating the invasive potential of newly introduced species, whether through natural dispersal or accidental introduction.