Tree growth in West African cocoa agroforestry systems: High timber yields and superior performance of natural regeneration
2025
Kouassi, Aimé Kouadio | Zo-Bi, Irie Casimir | Hérault, Bruno | Konan, Isaac Kouamé | Dago, Marie Ruth | Lasbats, Baptiste | Schmitt, Sylvain | N’Guessan, Anny E. | Aussenac, Raphaël
Key message: Cocoa agroforestry systems (AFS) in West Africa represent an underexplored yet promising source of timber. Within these systems, species can reach a 50-cm diameter as early as 14 years of age. Naturally regenerated trees grow 10% faster than planted ones and develop a 43% greater bole volume. These findings underscore the high timber potential of cocoa AFS and confirm natural regeneration as a superior strategy for tree renewal and wood production. Context: In West Africa, where over 80% of original forests have been converted to agriculture, finding alternative timber sources is essential. Agroforestry, prevalent across the region, offers a potential solution. Aims: This study assesses the timber production potential of trees in cocoa agroforestry systems in Côte d'Ivoire. Methods: In 150 cocoa agroforestry plots, we (i) modelled the diameter growth of forest tree species; (ii) developed specific allometric models for cocoa AFS; and (iii) evaluated the effect of tree origin (natural regeneration vs. plantation) on growth trajectories, allometry, and bole volume. Results: Trees can reach a diameter of 50 cm as early as 14 years of age, and a bole height of up to 8.83 m at this diameter. Naturally regenerated trees grow 10% faster annually than planted trees, reaching their minimum logging diameter up to 10 years earlier, and have a 43% greater bole volume. Conclusion: Natural regeneration is a more effective strategy than planting for tree renewal in cocoa AFS, providing faster growth, greater timber volumes, and significant potential for sustainable forestry management and meeting regional timber demands.
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