Student performance study: the outcomes of metabolic, molecular and physical-chemical characterization of intestinal tract microbiome on a four mammalian species model | Ocena študentske uspešnosti: rezultati metabolnih, molekularnih in fizikalno-kemijskih karakterizacij mikrobiomov prebavnega trakta na modelu štirih vrst sesalcev

anglais. Many environmental factors influence the structure of microbial communities, their activity and properties of the environment of the digestive tract. Contrary to constant disturbances, the system provides the basis for energy conversion and thus the long-term stable coexistence of different hosts and their specific intestinal microbiota over geological timescales. Since the methodological approaches proved to be the largest source of systematic errors in comparisons of microbial communities among different organisms of the same species or between different species, we tested a number of methods on samples from different species of mammals in order to verify the feasibility of this approach for future routine analysis of microbiomes:(i) analyses of physical-chemical parameters;(ii)the metabolic properties of attached, planktonic fractions in comparison to the total;(iii)structure of microbial communities of bacteria and archaea; (iv)data analysis. We used a model of intestinal samples from four species of mammals, encompassing the differences between the various types of intestinal tracts: ruminants and rodents (such as pre- and post- peptic fermentors), omnivores and carnivores. The second purpose of the study was to(i)assess the extent of spread of data due to the cooperation of the various operators on the data obtained, and(ii) to evaluate the skills of the students to carry out industry-oriented investigations and measurements in 1st year of MSc study Microbiology; and(iii) to promote awareness of the importance of routine laboratory work day and the corresponding duties. The results suggest(i)that the operators independently organized and shared tasks;(ii)successfully completed all methods;(iii)obtain relevant information;(iv)critically evaluated and interpreted within the extent of their knowledge;(v) that relative standard deviation(RSD) typically could be compared to those of the automated analytical procedures(<10 %) and therefore represented the maximum extent of the variability of the biological material itself. It follows that the motivated MSc students were able to uphold the unknown protocols under supervision and perform laboratory and analytical complex experimental task, process and interpret results, and approximate performance of analytical procedures in industrial laboratories to generate data sets of acceptable high-quality.

slovène. Številni okoljski dejavniki vplivajo na strukturo mikrobnih združb, njihovo aktivnost in lastnosti okolja prebavnega trakta, vendar ne glede na večino sprememb sistem zagotavlja podlago za pretvorbo energije ter s tem dolgoročno stabilni soobstoj različnih gostiteljev in lastne specifične črevesne mikrobiote preko geoloških časovnih okvirov. Ker so se metodološki pristopi izkazali za največji vir sistematičnih napak v primerjavah mikrobnih združb med različnimi organizmi iste vrste ali med različnimi vrstami, smo preizkusili številne metode na vzorcih iz različnih vrst sesalcev z namenom preveriti izvedljivost takega pristopa za prihodnje rutinske analize mikrobiomov: (i) analize fizikalno-kemijskih parametrov; (ii) metabolne lastnosti pritrjene planktonske frakcije v primerjavi s celokupno; (iii) strukture mikrobnih združb bakterij in arhej; (iv) analitske pristopke k analizi podatkov. Uporabili smo modelne vsebine prebavil štirih vrst sesalcev, ki zajema v veliki meri razlike med različnimi tipi prebavil: prežvekovalci in glodalci (kot pre- in post- peptični fermentatorji), vsejede ter zveri. Drugi namen študije je bil (i) oceniti obseg raztrosa podatkov zaradi sodelovanja različnih operaterjev na pridobljene podatke ter (ii) ovrednotiti usposobljenost skupine študentov za opravljanje industrijsko orientiranih preiskav in meritev v 1.letniku magistrskega študija Mikrobiologija, ter (iii) spodbuditi ozaveščenost o pomembnosti in pomenu aktivnosti s simulacijo rednega laboratorijskega delovnega dneva in pripadajočih dolžnosti. Rezultati kažejo, (i) da so se operaterji samostojno organizirali in razdelili naloge; (ii) uspešno izvedli vse metode; (iii) pridobili relevantne podatke; (iv) jih kritično vrednotili in interpretirali v obsegu svojega znanja; (v) da so raztrosi podatkov (RSD) tipično primerljivi s tistimi iz avtomatiziranih analitskih procedur (<10 %) in ponazarjajo v največji meri variabilnosti samega biološkega materiala. Iz tega izhaja, da so se motivirani magistrski študenti ob ustreznem vodenju sposobni spoznati z neznanimi protokoli ter izvesti laboratorijsko in analitsko kompleksne eksperimentalne naloge, rezultate obdelati, izsledke interpretirati, ter se približati izvajanju analitskih procedur v industrijskih laboratorijih za generiranje kvalitetnih setov podatkov.