Potential Antidiabetic Activity of Apis mellifera Propolis Extraction Obtained with Ultrasound
2024
Javier A. Hernández-Martínez | Armando Zepeda-Bastida | Irma Morales-Rodríguez | Fabián Fernández-Luqueño | Rafael Campos-Montiel | Stephanie E. Hereira-Pacheco | Gabriela Medina-Pérez
Recent studies have linked phenolic compounds to the inhibition of digestive enzymes. Propolis extract is consumed or applied as a traditional treatment for some diseases. More than 500 chemical compounds have been identified in propolis composition worldwide. This research aimed to determine Mexican propolis extracts&rsquo: total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and digestive enzyme inhibitory activity (ɑ:-amylase and ɑ:-glucosidase). In vitro assays measured the possible effect on bioactive compounds after digestion. Four samples of propolis from different regions of the state of Oaxaca (Mexico) were tested (Eloxochitlá:n (PE), Teotitlá:n (PT), San Pedro (PSP), and San Jeró:nimo (PSJ)). Ethanol extractions were performed using ultrasound. The extract with the highest phenolic content was PE with 15,362.4 ±: 225 mg GAE/100 g. Regarding the flavonoid content, the highest amount was found in PT with 8084.6 ±: 19 mg QE/100 g. ABTS&bull:+ and DPPH&bull: radicals were evaluated. The extract with the best inhibition concentration was PE with 33,307.1 ±: 567 mg ET/100 g. After simulated digestion, phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity decreased by 96%. In contrast, antidiabetic activity, quantified as inhibition of ɑ:-amylase and ɑ:-glucosidase, showed a mean decrease in enzyme activity of approximately 50% after the intestinal phase. Therefore, it is concluded that propolis extracts could be a natural alternative for treating diabetes, and it would be necessary to develop a protective mechanism to incorporate them into foods.
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