Storage Properties of Double-Layer Films Enriched with Phytolacca americana L. Extract as Active Packaging for African Catfish, with a New Approach to Antioxidant Film Assay and Additional Analysis of P. americana Extract Toxicity on Human Cell Lines
2025
Joanna Maria Jasińska | Klaudia Michalska | Joanna Tkaczewska | Katarzyna Tkacz | Arkadiusz Zakrzewski | Agnieszka Galanty | Iwona Kamińska | Maria J. Chmiel | Ewelina Jamróz
Novel double-layer films based on furcellaran (FUR) and gelatin (GEL) with the addition of Phytolacca americana L. (PA) extract were used as active packaging for African catfish fillets. Films with PA extract have been shown to minimize the catfish spoilage effects, expressed as odor reduction compared to control samples: however, neither the films nor the PA extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against tested groups of microorganisms (fungi, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacterales and psychrotrops) or specified microorganisms (E. coli, S. aureus, S. cerevisiae). The tested films demonstrated antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC and Folin&ndash:Ciocâ:lteu methods. Cytotoxicity analysis showed that the PA extract affected tested cell lines (PNT2&mdash:prostate epithelial cells, HepG2&mdash:human liver cells, HaCaT&mdash:normal human keratinocytes and Nty-hori 3-1) only to a small extent&mdash:the calculated IC50 values exceeded the maximal tested concentration of 500 µ:g/mL.
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