Mapping Young Lava Rises (Stony Rises) Across an Entire Basalt Flow Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning
2025
Shaye Fraser | Mariela Soto-Berelov | Lucas Holden | John Webb | Simon Jones
Lava rises, locally known as stony rises, are Pliocene&ndash:Holocene volcanic landforms occurring throughout the Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP) in Victoria, Australia. Stony rises are not only important to understanding the geological history of Victoria but are culturally significant to Aboriginal Australians and have ecological importance. Currently, the mapping of stony rises is manually performed at a case study level rather than a landscape level. Remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR data, satellite imagery, and aerial imagery allow for the mapping of stony rises from an aerial perspective. This paper aims to map stony rises using remotely sensed and geophysical data at a landscape level on a younger lava flow (~42,000 years old) within the Victorian Volcanic Plain (the Warrion Hill and Red Rock Volcanic Complex) by utilizing an object based random forest machine learning approach. The results show that stony rises were successfully identified in the landscape to an accuracy of 78.9%, with 2716 potential new stony rises identified. Out of 34 predictor variables, we found the most important variables to be slope gradient, local elevation, DEM of Difference (change in height), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Clay Mineral Ratio, the concentration of radiometric elements (Potassium, Thorium, and Uranium), Total Magnetic Intensity, and Ecological Vegetation Class (EVC). The results from this study highlight the ability to detect a volcanic landform at a landscape scale using an ensemble of predictor variables that include topographic, spectral information and geophysical data. This lays the foundation towards a uniform approach for mapping stony rises throughout the VVP and similar landforms (such as tumuli) worldwide.
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