Transcriptional Differences in Gills Provide Insights into the Environmental Acclimatization of Wild Topmouth Gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) from Freshwater Invasion to Saline–Alkali Waters
2025
Lu Liu | Yuanshuai Duan | Xuan Liu | Bin Huo | Jieya Liu | Rong Tang | Dapeng Li
Topmouth Gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva), a typical invasive fish worldwide, has successfully invaded various aquatic ecosystems and colonized saline&ndash:alkali waters from freshwater due to its broad environmental tolerances. However, the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to saline&ndash:alkali stress for P. parva remain poorly characterized. To explore the potential genetic mechanisms, we conducted differential gene expression analysis using gill transcriptome of wild P. parva populations collected from four waters with different salinity&ndash:alkalinity levels. Comparative transcriptomics analysis showed that DEGs involved in osmoregulation, ano6, cftr, aqp1, and aqp3, were down-regulated: DEGs related to ammonia excretion, Rhcg and Rhbg, were up-regulated: DEGs for acid&ndash:base accommodation, nhe2, slc4a1, and ca2, were down-regulated while ca4 was up-regulated: and immune-system-related DEGs, il8 and il17, were down- and up-regulated, respectively, in a high saline&ndash:alkaline water environment. The DEGs were enriched in multiple KEGG pathways, such as the ribosome, thermogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, necroptosis, and HIF-1 signaling pathways. In addition, more DEGs were significantly enriched in immune-disease-related pathways in high saline&ndash:alkaline water populations. This suggests that P. parva exposed to chronic saline&ndash:alkali stress, despite survival, still needed immune system regulation to defend against potential diseases. These results revealed the gill molecular mechanisms underlying P. parva saline&ndash:alkaline adaptation and offered valuable insights into the development of saline&ndash:alkaline water aquaculture fisheries
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