Metabolomic and Molecular Mechanisms of Glycerol Supplementation in Regulating the Reproductive Function of Kazakh Ewes in the Non-Breeding Season
2025
Ying Nan | Baihui Jiang | Xingdong Qi | Cuifang Ye | Mengting Xie | Zongsheng Zhao
The activation mechanism of the reproductive axis in Kazakh ewes during the non-breeding season was explored by supplementation with glycerol complex (7% glycerol + tyrosine + vitamin B9). The experiment divided 50 ewes into five groups (n = 10). After 90 days of intervention, it was found that significant changes in serum DL-carnitine, N-methyl-lysine and other differential metabolites were observed in the GLY-Tyr-B9 group (p <: 0.05, &ldquo:p <: 0.05&rdquo: means significant difference, &ldquo:p <: 0.01&rdquo: means &ldquo:highly significant difference&rdquo:). The bile acid metabolic pathway was specifically activated (p <: 0.01). The group had a 50% estrus rate, ovaries contained 3&ndash:5 immature follicles, and HE staining showed intact granulosa cell structure. Serum E2/P4 fluctuated cyclically (p <: 0.01), FSH/LH pulse frequency increased (p <: 0.01), peak Glu/INS appeared on day 60 (p <: 0.05), and LEP was negatively correlated with body fat percentage (p <: 0.01). Molecular mechanisms revealed: upregulation of hypothalamic kiss-1/GPR54 expression (p <: 0.01) drove GnRH pulses: ovarian CYP11A1/LHR/VEGF synergistically promoted follicular development (p <: 0.05): the HSL of subcutaneous fat was significantly increased (p <: 0.05), suggesting involvement of lipolytic supply. Glycerol activates the reproductive axis through a dual pathway&mdash:L-carnitine-mediated elevation of mitochondrial &beta:-oxidation efficacy synergizes with kisspeptin/GPR54 signalling enhancement to re-establish HPO axis rhythms. This study reveals the central role of metabolic reprogramming in regulating seasonal reproduction in ruminants.
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