Analysis of porcine adipose tissue transcriptome reveals differences in de novo fatty acid synthesis in pigs with divergent muscle fatty acid composition
2013
Corominas, Jordi | Ramayo-Caldas, Yuliaxis | Puig-Oliveras, Anna | Estellé, Jordi | Castello, Anna | Alves, Estefania | Pena, Ramona N. | Ballester, Maria | Folch, Josep M. | Consorci CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB ; Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica | Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments ; Facultat de Veterinària | Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Laboratoire de radiobiologie et d'étude du génome (LREG) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) | Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal ; Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA) | Genètica i Millora Animal ; Institute of Research and Technology, Food and Agriculture (IRTA) | Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [AGL2011-29821-C02]; Centre for Research in Agrigenomics [CSD2007-00036]; FPI PhD grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion [BES-2009-081223]; FPU PhD grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion [AP2008-01450]; PIF PhD grant from the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona [458-01-1/2011]
BackgroundIn pigs, adipose tissue is one of the principal organs involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism. It is particularly involved in the overall fatty acid synthesis with consequences in other lipid-target organs such as muscles and the liver. With this in mind, we have used massive, parallel high-throughput sequencing technologies to characterize the porcine adipose tissue transcriptome architecture in six Iberian x Landrace crossbred pigs showing extreme phenotypes for intramuscular fatty acid composition (three per group).ResultsHigh-throughput RNA sequencing was used to generate a whole characterization of adipose tissue (backfat) transcriptome. A total of 4,130 putative unannotated protein-coding sequences were identified in the 20% of reads which mapped in intergenic regions. Furthermore, 36% of the unmapped reads were represented by interspersed repeats, SINEs being the most abundant elements. Differential expression analyses identified 396 candidate genes among divergent animals for intramuscular fatty acid composition. Sixty-two percent of these genes (247/396) presented higher expression in the group of pigs with higher content of intramuscular SFA and MUFA, while the remaining 149 showed higher expression in the group with higher content of PUFA. Pathway analysis related these genes to biological functions and canonical pathways controlling lipid and fatty acid metabolisms. In concordance with the phenotypic classification of animals, the major metabolic pathway differentially modulated between groups was de novo lipogenesis, the group with more PUFA being the one that showed lower expression of lipogenic genes.ConclusionsThese results will help in the identification of genetic variants at loci that affect fatty acid composition traits. The implications of these results range from the improvement of porcine meat quality traits to the application of the pig as an animal model of human metabolic diseases.
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