Polyphenols extraction from sorghum grains using ultrasound, microwave and green solvents
2025
Castillo Godina , Rocio Guadalupe | Saenz Galindo , Aide | Gonzalez Gonzalez, Gerardo Manuel | Ascacio Valdes , Juan Alberto | Flores Gallegos , Adriana Carolina | Lopez Badillo, Claudia Magdalena | Rodriguez Herrera , Raul
Sorghum with rich-tannin grain is a crop used where birds are a pest at harvest time. However, this commodity is undervalued because its high levels of polyphenol cannot be used to feed monogastric animals. This study was carried out with the following objectives: To determine the best conditions for extraction of polyphenols from sorghum grains using ultrasound, microwave and to use water and ethanol as environmentally friendly solvents. The most abundant polyphenols extracted from sorghum grains were determined using HPLC-mass spectrometry analysis and chemical characterization of extracts from sorghum grains by FTIR-ATR. In addition, the mineral composition of the extracts was determined and color, alkaloids, pH and solubility were determined as part of the characterization. Polyphenols extraction was performed using 3 combinations of mass/volume (1:8, 1:12 and 1:16) and 3 aqueous ethanol (0 %, 30 % and 70 %) with 9 treatments. These treatments were placed for 20 min in an ultrasound bath, after which samples were exposed to microwave for 5 min. The obtained phytochemical compounds were characterized by FTIR-(ATR) and HPLC/ESI/MS. Results showed that when HPLC/ESI/ MS analyses were used, 38 polyphenol compounds were detected. This suggests that tannin-rich sorghum grains could be a source of diverse polyphenols that are linked to interesting biological activities.
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