Sustainability of Traditional Paddy Rice Processing Techniques Among Smallholder Rice Farmers in Southeast Nigeria
2025
Onwusiribe, C. N. | Mbanasor, J. | Nto, P. O. | Ndukwu, M. C.
Rice is a major staple food consumed worldwide, but its processing has significant environmental impacts due to water and energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, rice producers are adopting sustainable processing techniques to reduce negative environmental impacts and increase profitability. This study analyzed the sustainability of modern and traditional paddy rice processing techniques among smallholder rice farmers in Southeast Nigeria. The data was collected from 240 rice producers using statistical approaches such as descriptive statistics, sustainability indicator (Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis), and multinomial regression analysis. The results showed that 34.7% of rice farmers used modern processing techniques while 65.3% used traditional methods. Traditional milling produced substantial carbon emissions, according to 77% of small-scale farmers, while 68% rated noise pollution as high. 80-100% of small-scale farmers using modern techniques cared about the environment and wanted to reduce their gas emissions, solid waste, energy use, and water use. The sustainability index for farmers using traditional and modern processing techniques was affected by gender experience, labor size, investment, income, cost of production, understanding of climate change, and environmental sustainability. The study recommends using renewable energy sources to increase productivity and reduce environmental effects.
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