The food and nutrition assistance landscape
2025
Jones, Jordan W. (Jordan William) | Todd, Jessica E. | Toossi, Saied
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers 16 domestic food and nutrition assistance programs that affect the lives of millions of people and account for roughly two-thirds of USDA's annual budget. Together, these programs contributed $142.2 billion in spending on food and nutrition assistance programs in fiscal year (FY) 2024 (October 1, 2023-September 30, 2024). This report provides an overview of program trends and policy changes in USDA's largest domestic food and nutrition assistance programs through FY 2024 based on preliminary data from the USDA, Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). It also includes a summary of recent USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) research reports relevant to these programs. Excluding spending on the Summer Electronic Benefits Transfer for Children (Summer EBT or SUN Bucks) Program, total program spending fell by 16 percent from FY 2023. The decline was driven by the expiration of the Pandemic Electronic Benefits Transfer (P-EBT) program in the previous year, as well as lower spending on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) following the end of emergency allotment issuance in FY 2023. Spending on, and participation in, other major programs increased in FY 2024, and Summer EBT began operation as USDA's 16th permanent nutrition assistance program.
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