Hepatocellular Early Apoptosis Associated with HES 130/0.4 Administration for Volume Replacement in Pigs After Severe Bleeding
2025
Helena Vala | Ana I. Faustino-Rocha | Rita Cruz | Carlos Venâncio | Aura Silva | João R. Mesquita | Ana Liza Ortiz | David A. Ferreira
Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 is commonly used for volume replacement, yet its hepatic effects in the context of acute haemorrhage remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate hepatic histopathological changes related to HES 130/0.4 administration when compared to Ringer&rsquo:s lactate (RL) in healthy pigs subjected to acute bleeding under general anaesthesia. Eighteen pigs were randomised into three groups: RL (n = 6), HES 130/0.4 (n = 6), and a non-bleeding control (n = 6). Liver tissue was collected postmortem and analysed using haematoxylin&ndash:eosin staining, cytochrome c immunohistochemistry, the TUNEL assay, and M30 immunofluorescence. No statistically significant differences were observed in general histopathological changes, TUNEL, or cytochrome c expression (p >: 0.050). However, the pigs that received HES 130/0.4 for volume replacement showed significantly higher intensity of the liver M30 immunostaining in the Q-score (p <: 0.010), H-score (p <: 0.010), and c indexc index (p <: 0.050) when compared to animals that received Ringer&rsquo:s lactate solution or animals in the control group. These findings suggest that HES 130/0.4 induces increased early hepatocellular apoptosis when compared to RL in this model, raising concerns about its hepatic safety profile under haemorrhagic conditions.
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