Efficient Regulation and Prediction Model Construction for Water and Fertilizer Management Through Resource Utilization of Manure and Urea Co-Application
2025
Kaiqi Qi | Xiaofeng Tang | Jianhong Ma | Rui Zhao | Junan Bao | Pengshan Tang | Jiaqi Liu | Dandan Pei | Xiaohou Shao | Xinyu Mao
In intensive agriculture, the excessive application of chemical fertilizers leads to approximately 50% nitrogen loss, which exacerbates water pollution and the greenhouse effect. Meanwhile, nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from livestock manure have far exceeded those from chemical fertilizers, becoming the primary source of agricultural non-point-source pollution. This study aims to clarify the comprehensive effects of combining manure with urea application and precision irrigation on the soil environment, lettuce growth, and quality, and to determine the optimal water and fertilizer management strategy. The results indicate that combining manure with urea application and precision irrigation can effectively mitigate non-point-source pollution, enhance soil nutrients, promote lettuce growth, and improve quality. When the irrigation volume reaches 75&ndash:78% of field capacity and the ratio of manure to urea nitrogen ranges from 7:3 to 1:1, key indicators for soil health, lettuce growth, and quality can exceed 90% of their respective maximum levels. This study provides a scientific basis and practical guidance for the resource utilization of manure and precise water&ndash:fertilizer management in intensive lettuce production.
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