Reimagining conservation agriculture: The critical role of crop residue in soil health
2025
Nowmika, N | Baskar, M | Sheren, JRT | Rathika, S | Selvamurugan , M | Karthikeyan, PK | Meena, RL
Developing and distributing crop production technologies that promote sustainable crop intensification is crucial for ensuring food and nutritional security for the growing global population. This challenge remains one of the most pressing issues for governments in the twenty-first century. According to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, India produces approximately 500 million tons of crop waste annually. Conservation agriculture offers a promising solution to manage crop residues by maintaining a permanent soil cover through mulching and incorporating crop residues into the soil. Soil is fundamental to agricultural productivity and plant growth. However, the fraction of arable soil is limited and requires careful management to prevent nutrient depletion. Soil fertility depends significantly on organic matter and soil carbon content, which are key indicators of soil health. Crop residues enrich the soil with essential nutrients, improving crop yields and altering soil characteristics. They influence water infiltration, flow and runoff and help regulate soil temperature by shielding the surface from direct sunlight. Increased residue cover reduces evaporation rates, conserving soil moisture. Agricultural residues typically contain vital nutrients up to 80 % nitrogen, 25 % phosphorus, 20 % potassium and 50 % sulphur. Incorporating these residues into the soil enhances fertility, maintains health and supports sustainable agriculture, ensuring long-term productivity.
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