A standardized population-based approach for food consumption analysis and socio-metabolic research: insights from its application to France
2025
Redlingshofer, Barbara | Fardet, Tanguy | Petit, Caroline | Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU) ; École nationale des ponts et chaussées (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12) | Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse (Comue de Toulouse)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse (Comue de Toulouse)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | This work was supported by the INRAE Metaprogramme BETTER (Bioeconomy for Urban Areas) | European Project: 101063239,HORIZON-MSCA-2021-PF-01,HORIZON-MSCA-2021-PF-01,CAFE(2022)
Food consumption has a significant urban environmental impact and is progressively being considered on par with mobility and housing, all three of which involve different types of population. Despite preliminary work, there is a lack of standardized methods to quantify different populations' contribution to urban metabolism. A comprehensive framework is provided in this paper to estimate the populations present in an area and their food consumption there, over a given period of time, based on broadly available census and statistical data. Drawing on population equivalents, a standardized and consistent approach is used to integrate the different types of population and their respective time spent in the area, as well as their share of daily food intake. A case study of France shows that, in 85% of municipalities and 75% of inter-municipal cooperation areas, the present population is smaller than the resident population. The eating population is usually 5 to 20% smaller than the resident population, because children, teenagers, and commuters consume less food overall. While metropolitan areas attract populations, this is compensated by the resident population leaving for vacation, leading to close to zero or negative changes compared to the resident population. Only touristic areas attract additional populations to such an extent that the present population becomes substantially larger than the resident population over a year. Previous approaches tend to overestimate the biomass directly associated with urban food consumption. Our population-based framework can help reduce uncertainties about biomass use in cities and improve the comparison of material consumption between different areas.
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