Structuring climate service user groups for capacity building: A European Delphi-based approach

Defining and categorizing users within climate services is essential for effective capacity building, yet existing classifications remain ambiguous, particularly regarding their roles in collaborative processes. While the literature commonly categorizes users based on their roles in the production chain—from data providers to end-users— there is a need for a more nuanced understanding of these roles, particularly in relation to the knowledge and skills required for capacity building. This study aims to systematically identify and distinguish different target groups within climate services and identify the specific competencies required for effective participation. Using the Delphi method, we engaged a panel of expert trainers from CS capacity-building programs in three rounds of questionnaires. These questionnaires were designed to explore and refine their understanding of key target groups and the knowledge and skills required for each. Additionally, we assessed the trainers’ confidence levels in their evaluations of these aspects. Our findings establish a consensus on four primary target groups—Producers, Intermediaries, Enablers, and Reach-Out—each encompassing distinct sub-groups. Despite some overlap, the fourteen identified sub-groups possess unique knowledge and skills essential for the collaborative climate services. The results underscore the diversity of target groups in the climate production chain and highlight the necessity for tailored capacity building programs to address their specific needs. By enhancing the understanding of target audiences, climate services training initiatives can more effectively support the development of relevant competencies, ultimately strengthening the collaboration needed for climate services.