Relevance. The use of biological preparations in agricultural technology of agricultural crops contributes to the preservation of agrophytocenosis, reduces environmental pollution and has a positive effect on the growth and development of the plants themselves. In this regard, the determination of the effectiveness of the use of biological products in the presowing treatment of common bean seeds is relevant and timely.Materials and methods. In our study, we studied the effect of presowing treatment of common bean seeds with biological products: Polydon Bio Profi, Polydon Amino Mix, Polydon Aminomix, Alfastim on germination energy, germination, seed sprout size, number of roots and length of the root system. Three varieties were taken as objects of study: Athlete, Omichka, Sirenevaya.Results. A different effect of preparations on the time of seed germination was revealed. The average germination time in options 1-4 was higher than the control values for all varieties, i.e. drugs slowed down germination. The seeds of the tested varieties responded positively to treatment with Alfastim (option 5): the average germination time in Fizkulturnitsa and Sirenevaya decreased by 8.5 and 9.8%, in the Omichka variety by 45%, compared with the control. Among the tested varieties, it is necessary to single out the Sirenevaya variety, which has the highest germination energy (ES) from 90% to 100% and seed germination (VS) from 98-100% in all treatment options. The most effective treatment of the Omichka variety was in option 2 (EP-90%, germination rate 90%), the values exceeded the control by 5%. For all options, the germination energy of the Fizkulturnitsa variety ranged from 72 to 90%, germination from 73 to 93%. A positive effect of drugs on the germination of seeds of this variety was established. The defeat of bean seeds by mold fungi was noted. Seed damage is mild to moderate. Seed damage by mold fungi in the variants using Polydon Bio Profi was absent, or it was weak up to 3.3% for all tested varieties. Morphobiometric indicators of seedlings and their root system in all varieties developed more effectively on variants with the use of Polydon Bio Profi and Alfastim preparations, and their mixtures

Relevance. Increasing the resistance of vegetable plants to unfavorable growing conditions with the use of growth regulators that actively affect the seed quality, increase the survival rate of seedlings, stimulate the setting, formation and maturation of the crop is a significant reserve for increasing productivity with the already achieved level of intensification of their production.Material and methods. The effect of verbascosides obtained by exhaustive extraction with 60% aqueous ethyl alcohol from the aboveground part of Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. (Scrophulariaceae) was studied on the germination, growth, development and yield of tomatoes, cucumbers, onions and white cabbage. Before sowing, the seeds were soaked in an aqueous solution of verbascosides for 15-20 minutes, followed by drying to flowability at the rate of 0.5-0.8 liters of solution per 1 kg of seeds.Results. It is shown, that possessing phytoregulatory activity and influencing the metabolic and synthetic reactions of plants, these compounds, applied exogenously, stimulate the seed germination energy and total germination of vegetable crops, provide simultaneous appearance of seedlings and optimal plant density, accelerate the growth dynamics of plants assimilation surface and fruit mass. Reducing the consequences of stresses arising in the process of plant growth and development, they thereby contribute to increasing plant resistance, productivity and improving the commercial quality of the products. The ability of these compounds to improve the production process of vegetable crops, depending on the type and variety of vegetables was established. Their highest stimulating effect was determined on cabbage variants, where the yield exceeded the control by 34.3%. The performed studies and obtained results allow to recommend the pre-sowing seed treatment with a 0.01% solution of biological active substances from Verbascum densiflorum Bertol. as an element in technology of growing vegetable.

Relevance Among vegetable crops, tomato is one of the leading places. In Siberia, tomato production is currently concentrated mainly in small farms and the individual sector. The problem of expanding the assortment of this culture in connection with constantly increasing market requirements remains always relevant. Material and methods The purpose of the work is the development of tomato seed production methods of varieties of selection of SibNIIRS. The studies were carried out in 2014-2018 at the experimental vegetable section of SibNIIRS - a branch of the ICG SB RAS. Results The results of many years of work on the study of seed and marketable productivity of zoned varieties and prospective tomato samples from the Urals andSiberia are presented. It has been established that in the conditions of a short growing season, high productivity is shown by varieties from early and mid-season groups. The highest sowing qualities are formed when sowing in time, optimal for the zone – the third decade of April. Early seeding shifts the phenological phases towards their rapid passage, but this creates unfavorable conditions for setting – stress during transplants, unfavorable weather. During late sowing, seeds are formed with low sowing qualities due to insufficient heat supply, especially for varieties from late ripeness groups. Germination energy and germination are higher in seeds obtained from fruits taken in the phase of full biological ripeness in all varieties. With long-term ripening (eat fruit in the phase of technical ripeness) there is a high risk of seed germination inside the fruit on the one hand and lack of nutrients, which invariably affects sowing qualities.

The factor that caused the inhibition of seed germination under the influence of 15 % extract from fruits Anethum graveolens was revealed. When transferring the test-object in favorable condition, this effect still remained imitating the seed dormancy. It was shown that under influence of temperature factor the time required to escape this state was considerably reduced.

Relevance. Potatoes are not only the most useful food product, both in its raw form and in its processed products, but they are also valuable technical raw materials, and therefore there is a need to increase the shelf life of tubers and preserve their quality for further processing into various types of potato products: dry, fried, frozen, canned.Methods. Analytical studies were carried out in the soil and climatic conditions of the Moscow region in the laboratories of plant protection, storage and processing of potatoes on the basis of the Russian Potato Research Centre (RPRC) in accordance with officially approved methods. The processing of commercial tubers was carried out in storage using a special temperature misting agent Based on the results of the studies conducted, the purpose of which was to identify the most effective inhibitor drug that effectively reduces potato losses during storage and ensures the required quality of tubers intended for industrial processing, it became possible to save most of the products obtained at the production sites and, if necessary, supply to places of sale, which significantly reduces losses.Results. The results of the effectiveness of processing potato tubers of the Pennant, Grand and Luck varieties stored with the germination inhibitor Chlorprofam, which significantly reduced the natural loss of weight, technical waste, absolute rot and sprouts during long-term storage at 8-9 °C by a total of 4.0%; 7.1% and 4.8%, respectively, and was due to complete inhibition of germination of tubers stored. The research revealed a tendency to decrease the content of reducing sugars in tubers by the end of the storage period (in two of the three studied varieties, the decrease was 0.18%). The use of the Chlorprofam germination inhibitor made it possible to obtain crispy potatoes and French fries of higher quality.

Relevance. One of the priority areas of research at Heterosis Selection LLC is the creation of varieties and the development of regional agricultural technology for growing seed material of flower crops. The article represents the results of the study of intravarietal variability according to 7 structural features of marigolds (Tagetes patula L.) cv. Elena Prekrasnaya under the conditions of the Southern Urals. To develop a methodology of seed production of marigolds in the conditions of the Southern Urals, it is necessary to study a complex of morphological features and identify those that more fully contribute to the preservation and maintenance of the variety.Results. As a result of the study of intravarietal variability, it was found that the most stable traits of the variety of marigolds cv. Elena Prekrasnaya are the height of the plant, the diameter of the inflorescence, and the number of seeds in the inflorescence. Efficient selection when obtaining original seeds of marigolds cv. Elena Prekrasnaya will be when focusing on the signs of plant height and inflorescence diameter. In order to obtain high-quality seeds in the industrial seed production of marigold in the conditions of the Southern Urals, it should be kept in mind that in the period from August 20 to September 1, half of the potential seed yield ripens – 49.4%. The greatest uniformity of seed ripening (37.3% of the total yield) was noted on September 1. The harvesting of inflorescences during this period provided the production of seeds with high sowing qualities.

Experiments were carried out at FGBNU VNIIO in 20112016. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of different types of organic dormancy caused by various factors on seed quality of some representatives of umbellifer crops. The objects of the study were seeds: parsnip ‘Kulinar’ (Pastinaca sativa L.); carrot ‘Rogneda’ (Daucus carrota L.); root parsley ‘Ljubasha’ (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill.); root celery ‘Kupidon’ (Apium graveolens L.); coriander ‘Yantar’ (Coriandrum sativum L.) and dill ‘Kentavr’ (Anethum graveolens L.). In all seeds studied, the speed of embryo growth was decreased by 30% or0.03 mma day. Under influence of the induced dormancy caused by incubation in extract from dill seeds, the speed of embryo growth in all species was decreased by 94-97% on average. The process of germination of just picked seeds in all crops studied showed itself in reduction of germinated seed number by 54% as compared with control variant. Under the effect of incubation at high temperature the seeds of parsnip and root celery didn’t germinate, whereas the germination in the seeds of coriander, root parsley and carrot was decreased by 51%, 47% and 46%, respectively as compared with control. There is no germination observed in parsnip, carrot, root celery and coriander under influence of induced dormancy caused by incubation in extract from dill seeds. In this case, the germination of seeds of root parsley and dill was 8.1% and 15%, respectively. The Pearson correlation between the speed of embryo growth and percent of seed germination showed the significant and positive relationship in the range 0.706-0.952. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that induced by temperature or allelopathic dormancy had impact on the speed of embryo’s growth in the crops studied, where factor effect was 89-86% depending on type of dormancy. Analysis of variance between the factors of dormancy and germination revealed that all types of dormancy analyzed had much influence on germination in these crops. The factor effects for primary, temperature induced, and induced allelopathic dormancy were 98% (F=1590.3; P=< 2x10-16), respectively.

In condition of Ramenskyi district (Moscow region) there was wide spreading of minstrel bug (Graphosoma lineatum L.), which is cause of yield loss of vegetable crops of Umbelliferae family. It was found up to nine mature insects per one plant. The larvae and imago feed mainly on buds, flowers, and seeds in all stages of its development. Because of damaging the seed productivity is decreased by 11-45%, the weight of 1000 seeds is decreased by 12-40%, germination energy is decreased by 13-100%, and germination ability is decreased by 10-82%. The germless seeds can range from 5% to 15 % and seeds without endosperm can range from 7% to 36 %.

The standard for seeds of Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. was developed. It includes the following sections: scope of use; normative references; terms, definitions and abbreviations; classification; technical requirements; acceptance rules and sampling; method of control; transportation and storage; safety requirements.

Species composition of infected tomato seeds was determined: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersіcі, Alternarіa solanі, Aspergіllus spp., Rhіzopus spp., Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. The effect of plant growth regulators, biological fungicides on sowing seeds quality has been studied. It was found that presowing treatment of seeds of cv. Kremenchugskiy and cv. Karasy increases the germination ability, vigor, and disease resistance. Spraying of tomato plants during vegetation has decreased the development of fungal diseases such as F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersіcі (up to 4,8%), Aspergіllus spp. (up to 2,3 %), and Rhіzopus spp. (up to 5,8 %).