The results of estimation of growth and development parameters, SSR analysis, electron microscopic examination of the surface of pollen and seeds, biochemical composition (ascorbic acid, carotenoids, carotenes, macro- and microelements content in the stem part of plant) of 8 Chinese broccoli, Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra samples grown in the unheated greenhouse of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Novosibirsk (54°49′33″ N, 83°06′34″ E) and phy- totron of N. I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) have been presented. Through the study, the large surface cellularity of B.oleracea var. alboglabra (cv. “Siji Xianggu jie lan” [“SX”]) seeds was similar with seed coat surface of B.oleraceae var. capitata f. alba cv. "Slava". A scanning electron microscopic study of Chinese broccoli pollen (cv. “SX”) revealed the formation of colpate pollen with ellipsoidal shape with a size of 32.9 ± 0.76 x 17.8 ± 0.42 μm, characterized by foveolate ornamentation with a length-to-diameter ratio – 1.85.The duration of the period from emergence stage to thickening of a stalk and flower-bud formation of cv. “SX” continued for 49-54 days. Сlose correlation was established between the largest diameter of the stem and the length of the leaf petiole (r=0,87, p < 0,001) and between the length of the leaf petiole and the weight of the stem (r=0,77, p < 0,001). As a result of molecular screening of Chinese broccoli using 5 SSR markers (Na10D09, Ol12F02, Ra2E12, BC 7 и BC 65) the greatest polymorphism was in the test with the BC 7 marker - five alleles from 160 to 295 bp in size. In the “SX” variety single flowering (10%) occurred on 59 ... 63 day and mass flowering (75%) – on 65 ... 68 day. The stem part of B. oleracea var. alboglabra is a fairly good source of vitamin C, accumulating as much as 32-46 mg/100 g, and also increased concentration of K, Ca, Mg and Cu. At the end of the season the fruits, together with the phytomass of stems are well-seasoned for 3-4 weeks forming viable seeds with germination above 85% corresponding to the Russian state standard (GOST 32592-2013) for white cabbage seeds.

In the Moscow region, for a long-term species of bows in winter, a complex of limiting factors determines their winter hardiness. To characterize the period from November to March 2014-2017. The winter severity index (Woz) was calculated on a scale from 0 to 10 points (0 very soft, 10 very severe). The severity of winter in 2014-2015 was 2.91 points, 20152016 3.14 points, 2016-2017 4.75 points. The average percentage of overwintered plants for each sample was determined by the ratio of the number of living plants to the number of dead. Many varieties of welch onion were not sufficiently winter-hardy, including Red, Snowdrop, Russian size, Handsome, April, Russian winter. Stable high 100% winter hardiness showed a variety of welch onion Green feathers. From the studied 71 species and 194 samples of bows of perennial different ecological and geographical origin under the conditions of the Moscow region in the subgenus Amerallium plants A. neapolitanum Cirillo (Molium section) and A. ursinum L. (section Arctoprasum), and also in the subgenus Nectaroscordum A. bulgaricum plants (Janka) Prodбn (section Nectaroscordum (Lindl.) Gren. & Godr.) in the winter of 2014-2015 died completely. Winter in 2016-2017 years in the subgenus Rhizirideum, section Rhizirideum G. Don ex Koch A. senescens L. plants overwintered 75%, A. nutans L. – 90-95% depending on the sample, A. stellarianum Willd. 15 %. In subgenus Melanocrommyum, section Melanocrommyum Webb & Berthel. s.s. plants A. cyrillii Ten. overwintered 75%. In the subgenus Butomissa, sections Butomissa (Salisb.) Kamelin plants Allium odorum L. overwintered 86-93% depending on the sample. In the subgenus Cepa, the section Schoenoprasum Dum. plants A. ledebourianum Schult. & Schult. f. overwintered 75%. The remaining species overwintered 100%.

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically significant nightshade culture in many countries, including Transnistria. On the basis of the State Institution "Transnistrian Institute of Agriculture" in conditions of open ground on a long-term provocative background of monoculture of nightshade, the study of various diseases of sweet pepper is conducted, the allocation of resistant plants for further selection work on the creation of specialized varieties and F1 hybrids with high genetic potential and resistant to stressful environmental factors. In 2016-2017 the selection material for selection of sweet pepper for resistance to major diseases (verticillosis, yellow wilting, or phytoplasmosis and viral pathogens) was studied. The best selection samples were selected for the complex of features. According to the total yield, Positron variety was significantly superior to the standard by 13% and L-70 sample by 19%. A complex phytopathological evaluation showed that the L-70 sample was very poorly affected by verticillium fading, and yellow fading and viral diseases - to a weak degree. The Positron variety was characterized by a mild disease defeat. The degree of development of verticillosis in general in the nursery was weak and varied from 6,8 (L175) to 11,4% (L-144), the development of yellow wilting – from weak to medium – 22,2-41,5%, and the damage caused by virosis varied within the limits of 16,2-33,7%. The most harmful were phytoplasmic diseases, which manifested themselves mainly in the form of yellow wilting and to a lesser extent – a typical stalk caused by phytoplasm PhLO. Thus, in the competitive test, a sample L-70 with a high yield of commercial fruits and a minimal disease affection in a complex phytopathological assessment was identified, as well as a Positron variety with a high early and overall yield and a low disease burden. The best indicators of the biochemical composition of fruits, as close as possible to the requirements of the canning industry, were samples of L-175, L-134, L-144 and Positron variety.

Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of tomatoes carote-noid composition is considered to be the basis of tomato selection. Among known methods of identification and carotenoid content determination thing layer chromatography (TLC) is characterized by inexpensive, quick and availab-le method of analysis. Comparison of individual tomato carotenoid content data obtained using wellknown empirical formulas and based of TLC separation on chromatoraphic paper was achieved. Empirical formulas for the determination of lycopene and beta-carotene concentrations were shown to give high variations in beta-carotene content and decreased values of total carotenoids concentration values. Developed conditions of chromatographic separation and identification of selected carotenoids are based on different polarity of individual pigments and specific absorption spectra of the latter. Method of thin layer chromatography may serve as a quick and effective method for quality evaluation of tomato fruit of different color and determination of beta-carotene, ζ-carotene, neurosporene, lycopene and lutein content.

Wild species of Allium L. genus are not only a harbor of resistance to biotic factors such as pathogens and pests and abiotic factor such as drought, cold and freezing, but also have the biochemical composition differed from cultural species. Crosses between wild and cultured species in Allium genus are usually performed to develop breeding forms with improved content of biochemically valuable compounds. Hybrids F1 obtained from combination Allium сера x Allium nutans, where varieties ‘Stuttgarter Riesen’ and ‘Strigunovskiy’ served as parental forms from A.cepa were studied. Biochemical contents and morphological descriptions of obtained plants were also given in the article. NO3, К+, ascorbic acid, dry matter and total watersoluble antioxidants were analyzed in the plants. Increased content of NO3- was found in accession N13 F1 of A. cepa x A. nutans combination that was higher than in other accessions, including control plants. The accession N15 had a much higher content of Cl- and K+ in leaves than in other accessions. The content of ascorbic acid in all hybrids was 2-3 times less than in control accessions and varied from 15.8 to 28.6 mg%. All hybrid accessions had less dry matter content than in control accessions, achieving 9.3 to 11.7%, in control plants, 12.7. The lowest antioxidant content, 15.3 mg/g (conc. in ascorbic acid units), was found out in accession N3, but the highest antioxidant content 37.3 mg/g (conc. in ascorbic acid units) was in accession N16; it was twice higher than in control plants. The obtained hybrid F1 plants from combination A. cepa x A. nutans can be then selected for their best biochemical composition.

With the creation of the molecular markers allowing to carry out analysis of genotypes on the level initial genetic information – DNA, onset one of the most multifarious and one of the most large in number class of markers at the present day. It is concerned with that each separate nucleic acid sequence is unique on its structure. Set of molecular and genetic methods, named as DNA-fingerprinting, most wide used in modern investigations for solving different problems in different biological areas. In this connection, necessity in comparative classification of modern molecular and genetic markers is actual. Based on published literature material it shown data on different classifications of molecular markers. Determined definition of term “marker” in genetics and breeding. Gave the characters and distinctive features of genetic markers. It given the definition what is “good” genetic marker as well as kinds, categories, variations and types on heredity of molecular markers. Manifested by means of molecular markers polymorphisms can classified on polymorphism of sequence itself (including nucleotide substitution and insertion-deletion) and polymorphism the number of tandem repeat sequences in repeated regions. Moreover, molecular markers can classify on two variations: anonymous, for which nucleotide acid sequence unknown and for manifestation of the molecular marker its detection not necessary (for example, RAPD, AFLP, RFLP), and announce (or determined), for which nucleic acid sequence is known or can be detect during analysis (for example, SNP, CAPS, STS). However, in independence on using of molecular markers the choice of method of investigation will be depend on investigated plant species as well. The next influence of molecular and genetic methods on genetics and practical breeding of plants will be depend on results, which will be obtain, in particular, on revealing the possibility or not possibility of genotyping of individual on single genetic marker as wel as on economic price of obtain informative data.

Приведены результаты оценки морфологических признаков и биохимического состава хауттюйнии ‒ новой для России овощной и лекарственной культуры.

Taking into account the importance of Hauttuynia cordata as a vegetable and medicinal plant in the South-East Asia, and the possibility of its cultivation in a temperate climate, the morphological and biochemical features of the plants belonging to ‘common’ and ‘variegated’ forms were studied in conditions of a greenhouse. We used a peat as a sub-strate for growing plants. The content of macroand microelements in rhizomes and leaves was estimated with use of the synchrotron radiation induced X-ray fluorescence analysis (SR-XRF). During three months of cultivation, the total phytomass of ‘common form’ increased from 4.7 ± 0.84 g to 30.3 ± 8.00 g, i.е. in 6.4 times, while in rhizomes it reached 51-56% out of the total phytomass. The size of the leaves of ‘variegated form’ was 15 29% less, as com-pared with the ‘usual form’. The height of the plants was 25.9 ± 0.98 cm in the ‘usual’ and 29.0 ± 0.62 cm in the ‘variegated’ form, the length and width of the leaf blade were 6.6 ± 0.26 x 5.9 ± 0.25 and 4.70 ± 5.00 x 4.90 ± 5.50 cm, respectively. Plants of the ‘common’ form formed api-cal, elongated, dense, ctenopod spine inflorescence with flowers lacking perianth, with three stamens and 3-4 fused carpal forms forming syncarpous gynoecium. ‘Variegated’ form did not form any inflorescences. H.cordata leaves con-tain 35, 6 mg% ascorbic acid, rhizomes ‒ 14.2 mg%. Leaves of H.cordata mainly accumulated Mn, Fe and Cu, and the roots ‒ Fe, Co, Cu and Zn. It is necessary to carry out the further study on new promising functional food.

The results of the research work on inheritance of resistance to root-knot nematode in eggplant hybrids F1 was presented in the article. The breeding of early-maturing, resistant to root-knot nematode varieties and hybrid may cover all population’s demand on eggplant fruits in spring time and preventing the loss in yield caused by root-knot nematode in Republic of Uzbekistan. The breeding program for these varieties and hybrids requires the knowledge of inheritance of these resistance traits. The line Mk/03 out of 100 accessions had been selected as a line bearing resistance to root-knot nematode, while the line Al/03 and Cc/03 were sensitive and used as second parental component for further crossing. It was shown that resistance to root-knot nematode in eggplant hybrid F1 was inherited as dominant trait. The type of crossing did not affect degree of dominance. Among combination studied 50-80% of plants did not show any sign of damage, whereas only 20-46.6% of plants were weakly damaged with score 1-2. The degree of dominance was very high for all cases and achieved hp=-0.74, -0.9, i. e. the hybrids F were very close to parental accession insensitive to root-knot nematode. Our study showed that if one of the parental accessions has high resistance to root-knot nematode the first progeny with sensitive accession always shows resistance, and not depending on type of crossing the dominance of resistance can be observed.

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