The results of study of 21 collection samples for variability of the biochemical composition of green beans are presented. The best selected samples characterized by stable content of total sugars, dry matter, and diet fiber are recommended for use in breeding program for development of new improved varieties of vegetable beans.

Analysis of investigation and application of genetic resources of vegetable and melon crops since Vavilov's time up to nowadays has been done. The main trends of investigations of the gene bank collection in recent times are described. The results of breeding and seed production are shown. The initial breeding materials are recommended.

The article describes a technique for overcoming the unilateral cross- incompatibility of of sweet pepper cultivars Belosnezhka and Karlik (Capsicum annuumL.) by pre- coating the stigma of the parental plants by own frozen pollen (fertile, but lost fertilizing capacity) in order to initiate the necessary changes in the tissues of the pistil that ensures germination of pollen tubes of foreign pollen , successful fertilization and hybrid seeds formation.

The two varieties of parsnip, «Krugliy» and «Beliy aist», were estimated for micro-and macronutrients. The differences in accumulation of 25 micro-and macro-elements between two varieties were revealed. It was found that parsnip is the source of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, ferrum, calcium, silicon, cobalt, chrome. The cultivar «Krugliy» is able to accumulate the high concentration of iodine.

The results of investigation of of the basic parameters of drip irrigation regimes, total water consumption and productivity of the early-ripening onion in a dry Steppe of Ukraine depending on the soil’s pre-irrigation humidity are presented. It was found that maximal yield was obtained when the pre-irrigation humidity was 90% at the minimal specific consumption of irrigating water for development of 1 ton of products.

The characteristics that are typical for all leaved crops were identified in the studied green and spiced-aromatic crops. Maximal amount of the total antioxidants per 1 g of raw material is accumulated in juvenile leaves, flowers, and inflorescences. Total antioxidant content is decreased in old leaves of plants.

The results of influence of types of irrigation and soil mulching on weed infestation, yield, and phytosanitary state of late-ripening white head cabbage are presented. Using of drop-irrigation increased the yield of the crop. The mulching of soil decreased the weed infestation and degree of development of black rot of white head cabbage at all types of irrigation.

In Solanaceae crops the spontaneous mutagenesis caused by mobile genetic elements referred by authors to the class of the transposones of germ cells (ТGC) was found. Mutagenic activity of TGC was sown on the examples of monogenic point mutations of the gene of color tomato fruits epidermis: y + _y _y +.The transposition of TGS in chromosome «switches on – switches off» the y-gene changing its allele status. Detected in Solanaceae crops TGC is differed from founded out earlier controlling elements causing only chimeric somatic spotting.Application of the TGS-mutants can accelerate the breeding process. Using the spontaneous mutagenesis allowed to develop six varieties.

The combined use of fertilizers and irrigation allowed us to obtain maximum seed yield of white head cabbage up to 1,01 – 1,18 t/ha.  The best results were obtained when N120P180K120 was applied after one watering after planting. In this case, the relative net income was 1357 rubles/ha and the level of profitability reached 64.8%.

The results of estimation of 2 varieties and 6 collection samples of winter garlic (Allium sativum L.) of resistance to accumulation of plumbum, cadmium, cuprum, and mercuric in condition of the Moscow region are presented. The biochemical content of the studied samples of winter garlic is shown.