Against the backdrop of the slow recovery of the world economy from the consequences of the global financial and economic crisis, the world community is to find a new model of interaction and create new mechanisms for economic development. In the course of integrating the Chinese economy into the world economy, China is ready to assume more international responsibilities and obligations in accordance with its capabilities, including in the field of providing the population with food. The history of reforming the food market in general and the vegetable market in particular began in the PRC in 1978 from the countryside and in 2017 reached the world scale in the framework of creating international economic relations under the project "One belt – one way". The article deals with the development of the vegetable market in China, ensuring safety and high quality standards of vegetables in the country, as well as the direction of international development of China's economic relations in the course of solving the problem of providing the population with food. As a result of the research, the development of the vegetable market in China was revealed.

On January 25-26, 2018 in Samarkand (Republic of Uzbekistan) on the basis of the Samarkand Agricultural Institute the 19th meeting was held Intergovernmental Coordination Council on seed production of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The participants of the international meeting considered the creation and introduction of new selection varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops, discussed topics related to the introduction of resource-saving technologies in selection, variety testing, and seed production.

The study of the correlation relationship between the signs, the informativeness of the indicators makes it possible to conduct a preliminary assessment of the plants and more objectively to identify forms with high economically valuable characteristics. Their integrated assessment will identify the best source material for further selection. In literary sources, information on the correlation in broccoli between yields and its elements are not the same. The purpose of our study was to analyze the contingency of various traits and to identify significant correlation links between quantitative traits in broccoli hybrids (42 samples). They were obtained using doubled haploid lines (DH-line) of early maturity at 2 planting dates (spring and summer). Studies were conducted in the Odintsovo district of the Moscow region in field experience in 2015, 2016. Significant influence on growth and development was provided by the developing weather conditions during the growing period. The fluctuation of humidification and temperature conditions differed significantly during the years of study and the time of planting, which is an important circumstance for analyzing the data obtained. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that the value of the correlation coefficient and the strength of the correlation relationship between the characteristics (mass, diameter, head height, plant height, vegetation period) are different and depend on the set of test specimens and growing conditions. A significant stable manifestation of positive correlation was revealed during all the years of research and the time of planting between the diameter and mass of the head (r = 0.45-0.96). The variability of the correlation of other economically valuable traits is marked.

Contribution of cultivar in a harvest formation is approximately 70%. State registered list of Russian Federation includes about 9 thousand cultivars and hybrids of vegetable crops and cucurbits belonging to 117 species, 55-60% from cultivars was created by Russian breeders. The features of Russian assortment: large genetic biodiversity of cultivars and hybrids in duration of period of vegetation, resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors; existence of cultivars with very large areal; high part of individual sector in a structure of space and gross (from 50-60 till 75- 85%). The crops that are insufficient objects of Russian breeding have been shown and they need to use import cultivars. In the article the most important breeding directions have been noted: on earliness, resistance to insects and diseases, adaptiveness, high nutritive quality, breeding of energetic effective cultivars, on heterosis, importance of quick reaction on market demands have been shown. For creation of import substituted cultivars they need to use of VIR worldwide collection of vegetable crops and cucurbits that consists of more than 52 thousand accessions. It includes about 30% landraces, 45-50% – modern cultivars and hybrids, 3-5% –primitive forms and wild species, and also hybrid populations, inbred and mutant lines, double haploid lines, accessions with identified genes and chromosome loci, controlling valuable traits. The problems of seed production in Russia and ways of their decision have been reflected: state economic support and state control, use of ecological factors in seed production.

Selection based on interspecific hybridization of fundamentally new plant forms with a unique combination of genetic material allows expanding the scope of genotypic and phenotypic variability. In this work the comparative analysis of plants of interspecific hybrids of genus Allium L. from various inbred descendants of combinations of crossing of species A. cepa х A. vavilovii and A. cepa х A. fistulosum on selection traits is carried out.Forms were identified: by mass of the bulb more than 100 g; with contrasting coloration of dry cover scales bulbs; by the index of the shape of the bulb; on the resistance to peronosporosis of plants of the first year of vegetation and seed plants; by the number of arrows; height of the arrow; on seed production with a sufficiently high percentage of fertile plants. Plants of interspecific hybrids of onions formed bulbs weighing from 20 to 120 g, with white, golden-yellow, dark golden-yellow, brownish and dark purple color of dry covering scales of a bulb. Plants of interspecific hybrids of onions were flat and round-flat shape of the bulb with the frequency of symptoms ranging from 6.9 to 93.3% and from 11.7 to 93.3%. In a phytopathological evaluation of interspecific hybrids of onions the first year of vegetation identified plants with resistance to downy mildew is from 0 to 4.0 points. Was studied the frequency of occurrence of plants in the progenies weight, colour, bulb type, number, height of the seedstalk, seed productivity and resistance to downy mildew. The increase of genetic diversity in onion plants obtained on the basis of interspecific hybridization, backcrossing and inbreeding is shown.

The main stages of the development of cucumber selection studies in the laboratory of seed selection and technology of cultivation of vegetable cultures of SibNIIRS for more than 40 years are presented. The severe climatic conditions of the region, the lack of a regionalized assortment, the high cost of cucumber products imported from other regions makes the task of creating local adapted varieties and hybrids very relevant. Particular attention in the laboratory is devoted to the study of the source material. More than 600 initial forms of different eco-geographical origin have been studied, and the best ones have been selected for use in breeding. The main directions in the selection of cucumber for open ground are precocity, yield, resistance to diseases, marketability of greenery, high technological properties. The main methods of selection are individual, mass selection, simple, complex hybridization, saturating and recurrent crossings, inbreeding. The State Register of Selection Achievements approved for the use of 3 bee-dusted varieties and 18 hetherosis parthenocarpic hybrids was created and introduced. An extensive linear material of various sexual types has been accumulated for heterotic selection of cucumber. In 2017 Siberian Research Institute of Plant Industry and Breeding was begin the cooperation on the creation of new varieties and hybrids of cucumber with LLC Geterosisnaya Selectiya. Preliminary results were obtained for nine lines of cucumber. Three samples with high yield and early maturity are revealed.

Vegetables are vital foods that determine the health and longevity of the population. Development of greenhouse vegetable production, introduction of new technology solves the problem of overcoming the seasonality in vegetable consumption. According to projections The Russian Ministry of Agriculture, the area of the greenhouses to the 2020 will be 4 700 hectares and production of greenhouse vegetables will increase to 1,7 million tonnes per year. Thus, The State believes the real increase area of greenhouses and gross harvest of vegetables protected soil in more than 3 times. Many greenhouses began to transfer cultivation of vegetables with little ground volume technology, modern facilities, equipped with one seedlings shelving units are a variety a hydroponic cultivation methods. Use shelving with Jacob’s platform allows to increase the utilization ratio of effective area of greenhouse to 0,85 and considerably facilitates the hard work of greenhouse working. Modern technology the growing seedlings on tables significantly different from the traditional technology, allowing us to get planting material of better quality during short period after sowing. New conveyor hydroponic technologies allow us to grow ecologically safe products, reducing its cost. These technologies require new varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops high intensification of production. Along with the growth of vegetable yields, which will combined with a reduction in labor costs per unit of output and lower its cost, particular attention must be paid their biological value.

Melon crops have long been non-traditional crops in the Amur region, being grown in small quantities in household plots, while the climatic conditions of Southern Priamurie are favorable for their large-scale cultivation. The results of the study of 10 samples of watermelon and 4 samples of melons of domestic selection in the conditions of the southern zone of Amurskaya Oblast are presented. According to the evaluation of the collection, 7 samples of watermelon are selected: Start, Graal F1, Fronder, Vektor, Skorik, Rapid, Foton, and 2 samples of melon: Alisa F1 and Lolita. They are characterized by sufficiently early ripeness, high and stable yield of marketable fruits of good taste. These varieties and hybrids are promising for cultivation in the south of Amurskaya Oblast. The characteristics of these varieties are summarized and recommendations for their cultivation are offered.

The regularity of the influence of the culture medium (substrate) on the development of microflora at the stage of preliminary fermentation of the model medium on the basis of white cabbage varieties "Parus" was studied. During the research, strains of lactic acid microorganisms Leuconostoc lactis were used. Step-by-step mathematical processing of the experimental data was carried out. Functional dependencies are obtained that most adequately approximate experimental data for modified (MMC) and basic (BMS) model media. Analysis of the experimental data showed that, depending on the type (composition) of the medium, the same species of microorganisms exhibit different dynamics of titer growth. In connection with this, an algorithm was developed to determine the optimal duration of pre-fermentation – «stop points». As a result of the research, it can be seen that the modification of the model medium with the addition of table salt and ascorbic acid to it promotes the formation of positive dynamics of the comparison indicator. This dynamics has three extremes, but only extremes are of practical significance, which were in the interval of the monotonic decrease of the titer. For successful development of the starting culture of the stage of the main fermentation, one of the conditions is a relatively small amount of the titer of the first culture at the end of the preliminary fermentation step to exclude competition. Thus, the position of the «stop-point» position corresponds to the period after the last peak of the comparison indicator. The investigated regularity of the effect of the preliminary cultivation of gram-positive microorganisms on the activity of lactic acid microorganisms in the process of fermentation is topical, since the whole process and the production of high-quality products fully depend on this approach.

The success and timing of new varieties largely depend on the correct selection of the source material, representing the initial stage of breeding. This is especially true for plant species that have a two-year development cycle. The purpose of our research was to obtain intraspecific hybrids of chicory root. Research was carried out in the traditional area of growing root chicory – Rostov region of the Yaroslavl region. For testing the breeding process and obtaining promising lines us in 2014, there were direct steam crossing. A total of 14 samples of hybrid seeds were obtained, which were 2015-2016 sown for testing in the nursery source material. The article presents the data on the study of intraspecific hybrids of chicory root, they are evaluated in the nursery of the source material on yield, marketability, root shape, resistance to root rot during the growing season. Production requires varieties with short root, in which the bulk is concentrated in the upper part, combining high yields and resistance to root rot during the growing season. Among the hybrids dominated the cylindrical shape of the root. The conical shape had rooms Г1432 and Г1442 with root length of 20.0 cm, curved short form (16 cm) of root was different sample Г1462. This sample stood out spread sheet outlet with a strong anthocyanin coloration. As the yield of roots separated rooms Г1432, Г1452 and Г1441 (3.6; 3.4 and 3.7 kg/m2, representing a cash consideration of 133.3; and 127.0- 138.6% of the standard).