Affiner votre recherche
Résultats 311-320 de 560
The relationships among acute phase response proteins, cytokines, and enzymes during ovine experimental endotoxemia
2014
Chalmeh, Aliasghar | Pourjafar, Mehrdad | Badiei, Khalil | Nazifi, Saeed
BACKGROUND: The acute phase response is beneficial to theanimal in restoring homeostasis, and measuring the circulatingacute phase proteins, cytokines, and enzymes can be used toevaluate the innate immune system's responses to invader agentssuch as bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Measurement of theseparameters has shown to be useful as diagnostic and prognosticmarkers in animal endotoxemia. OBJECTIVES: The aim of thepresent experimental study was expression of the acute phaseresponse following the induction of endotoxemia by Escherichiacoli serotype O55:B5 in sheep and the relationships among the acutephase response parameters during endotoxemia and their changingpatterns. METHODS: Five clinically healthy 1-year-old Iranian fattailedewes (25±1.5 kg, bodyweight) were randomly selected andlipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli serotype O55:B5 wasinfused at 20 μg/kg intravenously to each animal. Fluid therapy wasperformed in all ewes over 120 minutes after lipopolysaccharideinjection and continued for 180 minutes. Blood samples werecollected from all ewes prior and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 24 hours afterlipopolysaccharide injection and sera were separated. Serumconcentrations of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, tumor necrosisfactor-alpha, interferon-gamma, superoxide dismutase, andglutathione peroxidase were assayed. RESULTS: The rapid andsignificant elevation of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, tumornecrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma were seen afterendotoxemia induction. Serum concentrations of superoxidedismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly decreasedafter intravenous lipopolysaccharide infusion. The results of thepresent experimental study showed that haptoglobin, serumamyloid A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma atall hours studied after endotoxemia induction were positivelycorrelated together. These parameters were negatively correlatedwith superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase at all hoursafter lipopolysaccharide infusion. CONCLUSIONS: The results ofthe present experiment can provide evidence for associationsamong acute phase proteins, cytokines, and enzymes and theirchanges during endotoxemia in sheep.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Chronic heat stress in Iranian fat-tailed ram lambs: clinical and paraclinical parameters
2014
Barati, Farid | Nouri, Mohammad | Gooraninejad, Saad | Rezaee, Annahita | Mihandoost, Behrooz | Fatemi Tabatabee, Seyed Reza
BACKGROUND: The effect of heat stress on physiologicalparameters has been well documented. However, there arereports of a genetic based heat tolerance in some sheep breeds.OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to monitor thephysiological responses of an Iranian fat-tailed breed againstheat stress and an acute stress insult. METHODS:Atotal numberof 15 fall-born ram lambs were selected and subjected to directsummer solar radiation throughout the day (May 2009 toFebruary 2010). Ten lambs were semi-castrated in October to seethe physiologic response of animals to an acute stress. Thegeneral parameter as well as blood chemistry and cortisol wereanalyzed during the study. RESULTS: The results showed that allphysiologic parameters had significant changes; however, theirvalues were in normal range. The fact that the animals in thepresent study experienced their first exposure of heat stress anda significant increase in serum cortisol concentration in semicastratedlambs in October, compared to the respected values inthe hottest months of the experiment, may indicate a geneticbased adaptability of the breed in Iran. CONCLUSIONS: Thepresent study shows the dynamic changes of general andbiochemical parameters in response to chronic heat stress and anacute stress that raises a possible tolerance of the breed againstheat stress.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Subclinical laminitis in captive female Esfahan mouflon (Ovis orientalis isphahanica): gross and light microscopic pathology
2014
Nouri, Mohsen | Dezfulian, Omid
The herd consisted of 25 captive Esfahan mouflons and theiroffspring. The mouflons were wild and originated from theirnatural habitat in Esfahan province. They had been kept in smallenclosures with rough concrete floors. The diet consisted ofalfalfa hay, corn silage, and a commercial concentrate. Themouflons showed severe claw overgrowth and detectablesubclinical form of laminitis such as sole hemorrhage and yellowwax discoloration. Both prevalences were unexpectedly high(73.9%). The majority of foot lesion samples included in thisstudy were taken from mouflons examined in the course ofveterinary practice over a period of 4 months in a farm for clinicaland histopathological purposes. Pseudocarcinomatous epidermalhyperplasia which are characterized by extreme proliferation ofepithelial cells with large amounts of whorl-like structures thatshow no specific pattern, like dyskeratosis or central keratinization.Our findings were supportive of researchers who havesuggested that subclinical laminitis is a multifactorial diseasethat involves a complex interaction between nutrition andmanagement. Feeding management, proper design of facilitiesand routine trimming seems to prevent subclinical laminitis ispredisposed for more serious lesions in Esfahan mouflons.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Distribution of virulence associated genes in isolated Escherichia coli from avian colibacillosis
2013
Kafshdouzan, Khatereh | Zahraei Salehi, Taghi | Nayeri, Bahar | Madadgar, Omid | Yamasaki, Shinji | Hinenoya, Atsushi | Yasuda, Nouritomo
BACKGROUND: Colibacillosis is one of the most prevalentdiseases in the world that causes multimillion-dollar annuallosses. OBJECTIVES: In order to evaluate molecular epidemiologyof some virulence associated factors in Escherichia coli,isolated from poultry, the presence of iut A, iss, hly F, omp T, iroN, afa, sfa (S)and pap G (II) were investigated by multiplex PCRassay. METHODS: Two hundred thirty four Escherichia coliisolated from avian colibacillosis (APEC) and fifty four fecal E.coli isolates from the feces of apparently healthy birds (AFEC)were investigated for presence of some virulence associatedgenes by two panel of multiplex PCR. Statistical analysis wasperformed using |c2 test. the p-value was |£|0.05. RESULTS:Among 234 E. coli strains associated with colibacillosis and 54AFEC strains, 85% of isolates were positive for at least one of thevirulence gene. The three most prevalent genes in E. coli isolatedfrom colibacillosis were hly F (77.3%), omp T(73%) and iss(68.2%). Iut A, iro Nand pap G (II) were detected in 157 (67.4%),152 (65.2%) and 41(17.6%) respectively. None of isolatesharbored sfa (s) and afa genes. Several combination patterns ofvirulence genes were detected. Combination of hly F, omp T(70.8%) was the most prevalent pattern. CONCLUSIONS: theprevalence of iss, hly F, omp T, iro N genes in APEC isolates wassignificantly more than AFEC strains and probably these genesplay an important role in the pathogenesis of APEC strains.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Comparison of immunochromatographic rapid test with molecular method in diagnosis of canine parvovirus
2013
Mohyedini, Shahab-aldin | Jamshidi, Shahram | Rafati, Sima | Nikbakht Boroujeni, Gholam Reza | Malmasi, Abdolali | Taslimi, Yasaman | Akbarein, Hesam-aldin
BACKGROUND: Canine parvovirus (CPV) infection is one ofthe most common causes of infectious gastroenteritis in dogs andis a highly contagious, often fatal disease. The original virus(CPV type 2) has had some mutations since its emergence andnew variants (CPV-2a, 2b and 2c) have been reported from manycountries all around the world. Early diagnosis and treatment canprofoundly affect the disease outcome. OBJECTIVES:To comparethe ability of Immunochromatographic (IC) test to detect CPVinfection in 50 PCR positive samples (n=50) with regard to virusstrains. METHODS: 50 rectal swabs (n=50) were prepared fromsuspicious dogs and subjected to PCR and IC test respectively.RESULTS: The sensitivity of IC test in PCR positive samples was84% (42 out of 50 samples) and the positive predictive value ofthe test was 100%. Using PCR, CPV strains in our study were 2a(18/50, 36%) and 2b (32/50, 64%) with the predominance of 2bstrain. IC test was also able to diagnose 15/18 (83.3%) of CPV-2a and 27/32 (84.3%) CPV-2b strain positive samples, whichmeans IC test can detect CPV infections caused by both virusstrains (2a and 2b), without significant difference. CONCLUSIONS:This study shows that IC test results are relatively reliable fordiagnosing CPVinfection in daily veterinary practice and the testis able to diagnose both CPV-2a and CPV-2b which are prevalentstrains in Iran.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Normal values and seasonal differences in the serum concentration of vitamin Aand beta-carotene in the Iranian camel (Camelus dromedarius)
2013
Ghadrdan Mashhadi, Alireza | Sazmand, Alireza | Karimiyan, Abbas | Hekmati Moghaddam, Seyed Hossein
BACKGROUND: Vitamin A which is found in different tissuesand organs plays a particular role in detecting clinical signs invarious deficiency conditions. However, sometimes the marginaldeficiency is present in a way that clinical signs are not visible butperformance defects, such as infertility is seen. OBJECTIVES: Inthis study, the normal baseline levels of vitamin Aand β-carotene inclinically healthy camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Yazdprovince were investigated. METHODS: A total of 168 Iraniancamels of both sexes were sampled from February 2009 to July2010. Spectrophoto-metry was used for measuring the serumvalues. RESULTS: The mean±SE concentration of vitamin Aand β-carotene were 63.9±4.7 and 9±1.1 μg/dL, respectively. Although,the β-carotene concentr-ation was significantly higher in summer,vitamin Awas not influenced by season. No significant differencein the serum levels of the measured parameters was observed indifferent ages and sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study,for the first time, indicate the concentration of vitamin A and β-carotene in the camels in Iran. This finding can be used as a referenceguide for evaluation of the deficiency or excess of vitamin Aand β-carotene in camels in Iran. Furthermore, due to the lower levels ofvitamin A and β-carotene in Iranian dromedaries during winter,supplementary feeding of vitamin A is recommended during thisseason.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]The study of the plerocercoid of diphyllobothriidae (cestoda, pseudophyllidea) in two cyprinid hosts, Abramis brama and Alburnoides bipunctatus from north and northwest of Iran
2013
Ahmadi Ara, Emad | Hoseini, Seid Hosein | Jalosian, Fatemeh | Ebrahimzadeh Husavi, Hossain Ali | Sachaeifar, Sina | Gerami Sadeghiyan, Abbas
BACKGROUND: The plerocercoid stage of Pseudophyllideancestoda infected a wide range of fresh water fish,particularly the members of the Cyprinidae family. The parasitespecies are the most common pathogens that have severe effectson fish. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study is todetermine the occurrence and distribution of the plerocercoid ofDiphyllobothriidae in two freshwater fish from north andnorthwest of Iran. Finally, we discuss the role and dynamics ofthese species of fish in the transmission of infection. METHODS:This study was carried out from September 2011 to September2012on a total of 883 A. bipunctatus and 418 A. brama from northand northwest of Iran. The samples were analyzed to find theplerocercoid infection. RESULTS: From a total number of 883 A.bipunctatus and 418 A. brama fish samples, 558 fish (63.19%)of the former and 67 fish (16.02%) of the latter were infected. Therate of infection was significantly lower in winter (p<0.01). Also,the weight of infected fish was significantly lower than noninfectedones (p<0.01). Moreover, the infection in northwest ofIran was significantly higher than north of Iran (p<0.01).CONCLUSIONS: The family of Diphyllobothriidae is an importantcestode and the prevention programs to break the cycleof infection are essential. More suitable solutions to tackle theproblem, further epidemiological studies on other fresh watersources of Iran are needed.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Acomparative osteometric evaluation of some cranial indices of clinical significance in goats (Capra hircus) from the middlebelt regions of Nigeria
2013
Samuel, O.M. | Korzerzer, B.O. | Olopade, J. O. | Onwuka, S. K.
BACKGROUND:There is no comprehension data on anatomicalindices of Nigerian goats. OBJECTIVES: To show osteometricvalues of some cranial indices in Nigerian goats. METHODS:Sixty (60) goat skulls that were found around Makurdi, Kwande,Katsina-ala and the neighbouring Adamawa state of Nigeria,were studied by investigating the 30 craniometric values.RESULTS: The measured distance from the facial tuberosity tothe infraorbital foramen was 2.33±0.29 Cm and 1.80±0.14 Cmfor females and males, respectively. In addition, the distancefrom the medial canthus to the supraorbital foramen was 27±0.31Cm for females and 2.83±0.24 Cm for males; from the lateralalveolar root to the mental foramen was 2.05±0.07 Cm forfemales and 5.10±7.28 Cm for males; and from the mandibularforamen to the ventral border of mandible was 5.90±0.14 Cm forfemales and 5.48±0.43 Cm for males. CONCLUSIONS: Thisbreed of goat might be a different phenotype of the breeds that isavailable in Nigeria.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Use of N-trimethyl chitosan for intranasal delivery of DNA encoding M2e-HSP70c in mice
2013
Dabaghian, Mehran | Ebrahimi, Seyyed Mahmoud | Nikbakhat Borojeni, Gholamraza | Tebianian, Majid | Rezaei Mokaram, Ali | Iman, Maryam | Tavangar Ranjbar, Alireza
BACKGROUND: Influenza outbreak has become a great lifethreateningdisease in the world. Nasal vaccines can inducesystemic IgG and mucosal IgA antibody responses, whichestablish two layers of immune defense against the infectiouspathogens like influenza. Mucosal vaccines must overcomeseveral limitations, including the mucociliary clearance andinefficient uptake of soluble antigens. Therefore, nasal vaccinesrequire potent adjuvants and delivery systems. OBJECTIVES: Inthis study we evaluated the effect of N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC)as a potent vehicle for DNA encoding M2e/HSP70c in order forintranasal administration in mice. METHODS:Ectodomain of theconserved influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e), which has beenfound to induce heterosubtypic immunity, was fused toHSP70359-610 or C-terminus of Mycobacterium tuberculosisHSP70 (HSP70c) in pcDNA3.1 vector (pcDNA/M2e-HSP70c)and then encapsulated into a derivative of chitosan, N-trimethylchitosan (TMC). After encapsulation of the plasmid, physicalproperties of the particles were investigated using Zetasizer®3000 the particles were then administered through the intranasaldelivery in BALB/c mice. RESULTS: It was found that theparticles had a size ranging between 90-120nm and positivesurface charge. The intranasal immunization with M2e-HSP70c+TMC in BALB/c mice significantly induced higherM2e specific IgG than those induced in control groups(pcDNA/M2e-HSP70c without TMC, pcDNA/M2e, bearingM2e alone, and PBS).CONCLUSIONS: The present study showedthat the encapsulation of M2e/ HSP70c into N-trimethylchitosan (TMC) could strongly induce the humoral immuneresponse against the M2e-HSP70c plasmid without lowering theadjuvant efficacy of HSP70c.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Preventive effect of omega-3 fatty acids on ethinyl estradiolinduced hepatosteatosis in female wistar rat
2013
Chahardahcherik, Marjan | Shahriari, Ali | Asadian, Peyman | Esmaeilzadeh, Saleh
BACKGROUND: Hepatic steatosis due to estrogen therapyincreases the activity of inflammatory markers, particularly theactivity of TNFα which in turn induces more lipogenesis.Omega-3 fatty acids are among the negative regulators of hepaticlipogenesis. OBJECTIVES: In this research, the preventive effectof omega-3 fatty acids on estrogen-induced steatosis in rats wasevaluated. METHODS:2 mg/kg. BW/SC of 17α-ethiny-lestrasdiolwere injected into 25 female wistar rats in 5 equal groups(excluding the control group) over 10 consecutive days.Simultaneously, 3 of estradiol-treated groups were orally given250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. BW omega-3 fatty acids, respectively.At the end of the experiment, plasma ALT, AST, and TNFαlevel were determined. Histopathological changes in the liverwere also identified by the evaluation of samples stained withH&E and Oil Red O. RESULTS: The histological findingsrevealed hepatic microvesicular steatosis and fat deposit inethinylestradiol and, to a lesser extent, in the 250 mg/kg BWomega-3 fatty acids groups. The plasma levels of AST, ALT, andTNFα significantly increased in the ethinylestradiol groupcompared to the control (p<0.05) and 1000 mg/kg. B.W omega-3 group. Omega-3 fatty acids reduced these parameters incomparison to the estradiol group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Itwas concluded that 1000mg/kg.BW of omega-3 protects theliver against steatotic injuries.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]