This study was carried out in a private farm in Wardan, Giza governorate in Egypt during 2019 season on strawberry plants. The first experiment aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different commercial products in cultivated land including Solo 24% SC (Bifenazate), Arbus 12% SC (Chlorfenapyr + Emamectin benzoate) , Concor 24% SC (Spirodiclofen), Excellent 1.9% EC (Emamectin benzoate) , Top9 (Chitosan 0.1%) , Biomectin 5% EC (Abamectin) and Congest 15% CS (Abamectin + Imidacloprid) in reducing the population densities of two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus uriticae Koch. on strawberry plants. According to general mean percentage of reduction in population of T. uriticae, data showed insignificant differences among the seven tested compounds whereas the mortality percentages were 85.94 %, 82.18%, 81.4%, 79.36%, 78.14%, 77.94% and 75.9%, respectively. From these results; it’s clear that Solo compound is the most effective compound and Congest is the lowest one. The other compounds ranged between them in controlling T. uriticae under these experimental conditions. The second experiment evaluated the effectiveness of different formulations in the nursery including Radiant (Spinetoram 12% Sc), Super Rigo (Naphthyl acetic acid – Chitosan), Top9 and Berna Star (Glyceryl stearate 32%) in reducing the population densities of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) on strawberry plants. According to general mean percentage of reduction in population of F. occidentalis, data showed significant differences among the four compounds. These compounds could be divided into three groups. The first group contained Radiant compound showing high mortality (63.5%). The second group contained Super Rigo and Top9 compounds showing moderate effect (46.44% & 34.3%), respectively. The third group contained Berna Star compound showing least effect (28.36%). From these results; it’s clear that the chemical compound Radiant is the most effective while the natural compound Berna Star is the lowest in controlling F. occidentalis under these experimental conditions.

This study aims to use solar energy to warm poultry houses instead of traditional energies which have shortage and high cost of using. The prototype was designed and Fabricated at workshop of agriculture engineering research institute (AEnRI) - ARC and the experiments were conducted at Solar Energy Laboratory - Agricultural Engineering Department Faculty of Agriculture - Ain Shams University (Latitude 30° 02′ N, Longitude 31° 21′ E). Experiment was carried out during winter 2018 and 2019. The prototype was designed and fabricated from main frame was made from wood 80 cm × 80 cm × 70 cm, Trombe wall was fabricated from two different materials (bricks and concrete), bricks wall with dimension 40 cm x 70 cm x10 cm, the concrete trombe wall as following: the dimensions were 80 cm x 70 cm x10cm and changed the material to be concrete. Double of glass was mounted front of bricks or concrete wall, ventilation control system: it consists of (digital temperature controller, solenoid, moving arm, fan suction) and control unit (data logger). The results showed that the Trombe wall designed from concrete better than one of bricks. The prototype with trombe concrete wall was keeping the temperature at 30°C for 13 hour and 55 minutes of day. This system was saving 56.46% energy that consume from the traditional energy. Also, the Ten hours which the temperature drops below 30 ° C inside the poultry house, it is Compensating by lamp 100-watt that has been programmed to light when the temperature is below 30 ° C. The average weight of broiler under experimental was comparing with the standard weight of the breed. The results were higher than the standard. The death rate was 0%. The percentage of carbon dioxide and ammonia in poultry house air was not exceeding the standard ratio. And the relative humidity was (50:94(%.

This study was carried out during the two successive seasons (2017 and 2018) on the first and second ratoon of healthy uniform banana cv. Williams (Musa spp.) Plants grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system in a private orchard located at El-Tahadi region, Cairo Alexandria desert road, Behaira governorate, Egypt. The investigation aimed to study the effect of different slow release potassium fertilizer (SRKF) (50% K2O) rates (100%, 75% and 50%) were added as soil drench during mid March, mid June and mid September while, potassium sulphate dose used in control treatment was added at monthly intervals as soil application from mid March until mid October on vegetative growth, productivity, total yield income and net return/feddan of banana plants. The obtained results showed that, all treatments had a significant effect on enhancing the vegetative growth parameters, i.e. number of green leaves /plant, plant total assimilation area (m2/plant), leaf total chlorophyll content (CCI) and leaf macro element content (N, P and K) as (%) as well as leaf micro element content (Fe, Zn and Mn) as (ppm). Also, improving yield (ton/feddan), bunch weight (kg), number of hands/bunch, hand weight (kg), number of fingers/hand, finger weight (g), finger length (cm), finger circumference (cm), finger pulp weight (g), finger pulp/peel (ratio), TSS (%), TSS/TA (ratio), total sugars (%). In addition, the total yield income (1000 LE) and net return/feddan (1000 LE) in both seasons. Moreover, all treatments had no significant effect on plant pseudostem height (cm), pseudostem circumferences (cm) and leaf area (m2) of plant in both seasons and bunch length (cm) in the first season only. Treatment of: slow release potassium at 100% gave the highest values of physical and chemical properties of banana plants cv. Williams in both seasons compared to, control treatment (100% potassium sulphate) and slow release potassium at 50% gave the lowest values.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic improvement in Zaraibi goats herd raised on El-serw research station located in the north eastern part of Nile Delta, Egypt. The station belongs to Animal Production Research Institute (APRI). Some body weights at different ages were included in genetic and environmental trends. These weights were 4-month weight (4M), 6-month weight (6M), and 12-month weight (12M). Data and pedigree information were collected from 1988 until 2018. The least square means of body weights at 4M, 6M and 12M were 12.14±0.02, 15.49±0.02 and 24.08±0.04 kg, respectively. Year of birth, season, gender of kid, parity of dam and type of birth significantly (P<0.01) affect growth traits. Genetic parameters were estimated using a multi-trait animal model program (MTDFREML). The same previous fixed effects were included in this analysis regarding the animal as random effects. The heritability of the studied body weights tend to increase as age increases. That is inversely matched with the environmental proportion of total variance which was found to be 0.72, 0.66 and 0.62 for M4, M6 and M12, respectively. The heritability value was estimated as 0.28 for 4M. Genetic trends were obtained as the regression of the predicted breeding values on years of birth and Environmental trends were obtained as the regression of year constants on years of birth. The annual genetic change trends were positive and significant for 4M, 6M and 12M (0.091, 0.121 and 0.158 kg/year, respectively) and the annual phenotypic change trends were (0.020, 0.045, 0.117 kg/year, respectively). Genetic trends for M12 trait were higher than those for other traits in this study. Genetic and environment correlations between 4 month body weight and other growth traits were positive. Negative environmental trends indicates poor management system for the flock during studied period. Weight at 12 months of age has the highest heritability in studied body weights and suggested to be selection criteria to improve yearling weight for Zaraibi goat.

Two field experiments were conducted to assess chicken manure (Ch.M.) and its tea on quantity and quality yield of Molokhia (Jew’s mellow) plant during two summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 in Fac. of Agric. -El-Shatby- Alexandria University. This investigate aimed to compare between chicken manure (Ch.M.R 100% and R50%) , chicken manure tea (R100% and R50%) and the mixture of them (R50% of Ch.M. + R50% of its tea) under four levels (NPK0 % , NPK30%, NPK60% and NPK100%) of chemical fertilizers. Every experiment was carried out with 13 treatments in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates (total plot area= 2&1=2m2). The results indicated that, chicken manure tea 100% + 30% NPK(T6) gave the highest mean values of vegetative growth i.e. plant height (92.0cm), number of leaves/plant (29.5), leaf length (13.87 cm), increases in vitamin C. (110.77 mg/g F.W.) and dry weight of leaves (10.25 g) as an average of both seasons. While the mixture of “chicken manure 50% and chicken manure tea 50 %” + 30 % NPK (T10) lead to significant increases in fresh leave weight (49.84 g/plant) and total yield of fresh leaves (4.7 kg/ plot) as an average of both seasons. Highest increases in P uptake (1.37mg/g) and K uptake (20.27 mg/g) either chicken manure 100% (T1) or the mixture of “chicken manure 50% and chicken manure tea 50 %” T9, respectively. The maximum N uptake (2.79 mg/g), total chlorophyll in leaves (47.44 SPAD) and leave width (6.82 cm) as an average of both seasons by the mixture of “chicken manure 50 % and chicken manure tea 50 %” + 100 % NPK (T12) compared with the control once. Organic plants “safe food” produced with organic fertilizers and their teas really supply more nutrients and vitamins “chemical free” and health protective so used sustainably in food and environmental friendly.

The increasing demand of consumers who look for natural safe products and associated health risks of chemically treated and refined goods food products led to the introduction of alternative technologies for Preservation and maintenance of dietary freshness. One of such Preservation technology requires the use of Lactobacilli as starter culture for the preservation of food matrixes planned. The present study was designed to evaluate sweet whey low-cost by- product of dairy manufacture as a substrate for the selection of Lactobacilli with proven antibacterial activity to be used as biopreservation for fermented dairy product. Human population has used dairy products, including milk, as a source for Lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The positive impact of the given bacteria as a diet supplement has been of concern to researchers. The target of this study is to examine Lactobacillus species isolated from dairy products i.e. raw milk alongside cheese, with potential activities. Using the Sweet whey as growth medium for Lactic acid bacteria. Also, tested of antibacterial activities. Sweet whey (sw) proved to be suitable medium alternative to the expensive commercial De Man-Regosa-Sharp medium for the growth and production of antibacterial substances by isolated lactic acid bacteria isolates. Therefore, was used throughout the present work. A number of 32 isolates were obtained from raw cow milk (16 isolates), goat milk (9 isolates) and cottage cheese (7 isolates) using the specific De Man-RegosaSharp medium (MRS) for the isolation of LAB, these isolates were identified up to genus as strains of Lactobacillus spp. Among 32 isolates of Lactobacillus spp., there are twenty four isolates antagonized of the all seven tested pathogenic bacteria. The screened Lactobacillus spp. isolates were characterized and selected the best bio agent isolate against pathogens was identified using 16s DNA gene to Lactobacillus brevis. This strain was resistant to NaCl (2-6.5 %), produces dioxide carbon (CO2) and showed good growth in different temperature (10°, 15, 45°C) and fermented of many sugars. As per the outcomes shown herein, the strain in question was thought to be antimicrobial bacterium produced a variety of metabolites, including butyric, formic, lactic, citric, and sorbic acid. The given set of activities adds to microbiological safety by helping control microorganism growth, and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria by using the lower-cost sweet whey. Therefore, more detailed work on isolating and characterizing antibacterial bacteria from the locally produces dairy items, and augmenting their growth could be needed for the creation of biopreservative foods.

Wheat is an essential staple food in the developing world, where demand is projected to grow exponentially in the future; simultaneously, climate changes are projected to reduce supply in the near future. One of the main consequences of climate change is salinity, which negatively impacts the world's cultivated area and therefore affects the global wheat production. Our objectives are to study the population structure of several Egyptian and international wheat accessions and to identify the genetic factors controlling the salinity stress response of bread wheat. In addition, we have attempt to identify genes that control some important agronomic parameters of wheat under salinity stress were identified. The wheat germplasm panel consisted of 70 accessions obtained from Egypt, Syria and Iran. The assessment of salinity tolerance was conducted over the years of 2018 and 2019 in the field and in the greenhouse. The genome association analysis (GWAS) and population structure analysis was conducted using six SCoT, five SSR and 93 SNP markers. Analysis of the population structure using allele frequency and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the studied wheat accessions were belong to four population groups. Where, for the most portion, Egyptian, Syrian and Iranian accessions are clustered depending on their country of origin. The GWAS analysis revealed 13 SNP markers that were significantly associated with morpho-agronomic wheat traits during salinity stress. These markers were closely related to genes that are known to have a direct link to wheat response to salinity stress such as CYP709B2, MDIS2, STAYGREEN, PIP5K9, and MSSP2 genes. This study revealed the genetic structure of adapted and imported wheat accessions, which could be used to select potential wheat accessions for local breeding programs. In addition, the SNP genotyping assay is a very potential technology that could be efficiently applied to detect genes that control bread wheat response to salinity stress.

The apple (Malus domestica) is a member of the Rosaceae family. It is older than the rose in cultivation and is often referred to as the prince of the rose family. Pollen grains of Dorsett Golden, E25 and Ein Shemer were used to investigate their compatibility and incompatibility with Anna cultivar under the Egyptian climatic conditions during two successive experimental seasons of 2016 and 2017. The fluorescence microscope was used to determine the degree of pollen tube growth in style tissue after specific pollination treatments. Degree of self and cross compatibility and or incompatibility were determined, initial, and final fruit set percentage were calculated. Pollination treatments revealed that, pollens of the four apple cultivars exhibited high rate of the viability after 24 hr. in T.T.C test. Growth of pollen tube of the tested cultivars exhibited different pattern of compatibility, the pollen tubes of Dorsett Golden and Ein Shemer cultivars showed different levels of cross-compatibility when fertilized in Anna style tissue. The pollen tube of E25 cultivar grew slowly with heavy deposition of calluses along to the tube where its growth stopped in the lower part of Anna style four days after pollination. Therefore, they need pollinizer cultivars as for good fruit set. On the other hand, Anna self-pollination seemed to be self-incompatible and recorded lowest initial of fruit set percentage in the first and second seasons. The combinations of Anna × Dorsett Golden exhibited maximum percentage of initial and final fruit set in the two seasons followed by Ein Shemer pollens in both seasons. Insignificant differences were noted in fruit weight and fruit volume among all crosses. The highest acidity was found in hybrid Anna × Dorsett Golden in except in the first season TSS values of these crosses were not high and ranged between 11.83 % and 12.83 %.

Dietary exposure to a variety of heavy metals, including Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Hg, has been identified as a danger to human health through fruits and vegetables, contamination of heavy metals is known as a grave risk to our climate. The study aims to develop empirical models to predict the concentration of heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Hg) in the leaves of Citrus and Mango crops. The study was carried out in an observation site in Giza governorate that is cultivated by varied herbaceous and tree cover crops. This study area is suffering from severe pollution caused by near industrial district. The sample collected from deferent zones that are divided to six spatial zones and coded by from zone (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6). The distance between each Zone 10 Km that extends from the north to south and covers 60% from the Agriculture area in the Giza governorate. The main inputs of the generated models were spectroscopic remotely sensed data and laboratory analytical measurements of heavy metals in crop leaves. ASD (Analytical Spectral Devices) field spectro-radiometer was used to calculate hyper-spectral vegetation indices. Modeled heavy metal concentrations were tested against laboratory analysis through two common statistical tests; the Correlation of determination (R2) and Root Mean square (RMSE) error between predicted modeled heavy metals. Results shown the correlation coefficient of the generated models, red and near-infrared spectral bands demonstrated high precision and sufficiency for mango and citrus leaves to predict heavy metals. The models produced refer to specific regions with the same conditions. The overall results imply that hyper-spectral vegetation indices could be correlated with heavy metal content, while heavy metal content in plants may be influenced by many others. Remote sensing spectroscopy is a possible and promising technology to track the environmental pressures on agricultural vegetation. Additional ground remote sensing experiments are needed to assess the possibility of hyper-spectral reflectance spectroscopy in monitoring the stress of different types of metals on various plants.

Broccoli heads (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) Sakura F1 Hybrid were get from private farm in alnuwbaria Beheira Government. Heads were harvested at the appropriate stage of harvesting on 22th and 13th February 2017 and 2018, respectively, and then transported immediately to Horticulture Research Institute, ARC. The impact of edible coatings and packaging on the postharvest appearance and compositional quality changes of separated florets broccoli stored at 0°C were determined. Separated florets rinsed with chlorinated water (150 ppm) then washed by distilled water. The samples were then allowed to dry. Broccoli florets were dipped in chitosan solution at 0.5 and 1% concentration for 3 min. Carboxymethyl cellulose solution at 0.5 and 1% concentration for 3 min and distilled water represented as control. All treatments were dried and packed in non-perforated polypropylene bags (non-PPPb) or micro-perforated polypropylene bags (micro-PPPb) and stored at 0°C for 20 days plus 2 days at 10°C (shelf life). Results showed that loss of weight, decay, off odor, discoloration and peroxidase activity, of broccoli florets were increased as the storage period increased, while general appearance, total chlorophyll and total phenolic content were increased. For the influence of packaging material the results showed that there were significant differences between packaging materials on quality of florets. Broccoli florets which packed in non-perforated polypropylene bags (non-PPPb) had better florets quality as compared with those packed in micro-perforated polypropylene bags (micro-PPPb) during storage plus shelf life. Chitosan at 0.5 or 1% is the huge influence in reducing weight loss%, decay (score) peroxidase enzyme activity, off odor (score), discoloration (score) as well as in maintaining total chlorophyll and total phenolic contents during storage plus shelf life. Furthermore, florets dipped in chitosan 1% and then packed in non-PPPb was the most effective treatment in retarding loss of quality attributes, through the storage periods and helped in retarding deterioration and gave florets with good appearance after 20 days at 0°C plus 2 days at 10°C (shelf life) without decay.