Noodles were prepared by incorporation varying blends (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80%) of rice flour in replacement of wheat flour. Noodle samples were evaluated for their proximate composition, scavenging activity, sensory properties and cooking quality characteristics. The proximate composition of uncooked noodles varied significantly, with increasing rice flour level that replaced wheat flour , a gradual decreases in moisture , ash , crude fiber and protein contents in noodle pastes were occurred , their values ranged between 4.02-5.33% ; 1.11-5.22% , 0.65-0.82% and 8.51-12.81% ,respectively. However, an increases in fats, total carbohydrates and energy value were take place ranging between 4.62-8.91 % , 71.11-76.74% and 377.64 - 421.43 kcal/100g, respectively .The antioxidant activity ranged between 22.2% for wheat based noodle (100% wheat flour) to 36.8% for sample containing 80% rice flour as scavenging activity for free radicals. The overall acceptability of wheat-based noodles (WF: RF 100:00) were rated superior for their sensory preferable characteristics. Among the blended flour noodles, the noodles incorporated with up to 40% rice flour received the same acceptability as wheat-based noodle. The cooking quality characteristics differed significantly among the noodle samples; the cooking time ranged from 6.5 to 10.3 min, it was more in wheat-based noodles than noodles from rice flour. Cooking loss; water absorption percent; cooked weight and swelling index values ranged from 0.1 to 0.6%, 137.1 to 231.6%, 23.74 to 33.24 g/g and 3.20 to 5.38 %, respectively; which revealed that a significant hindered was occurred in the functional paste properties and cooking quality parameters with increasing the level rice flour in noodles. The study indicated that, noodles prepared from mixtures of wheat and rice flour showed that the best acceptable sensory attributes and cooking quality characteristics were observed at blending ratio 40 : 60% rice flour : wheat flour . These findings enhance the utilization of non- conventional flours like rice flour for the development of value added noodles with reduced gluten content and boost nutritional value.

Facing the food industry in Egypt, the challenges of external and internal negative impact on their competitiveness and access to global markets and the study showed that the number of enterprises operating in this sector amounted to about 37.7 thousand that run around 357 thousand workers. It also represents the food exports of approximately 31.7% and 14.3% of the total value of exports of industrial goods and the College Rankings 2016, the average annual value of the products of that sector, about 21.4 million pounds, accounted for about 31% of the value of industrial production for the same year. The research problem was the small size of the internal and external markets of frozen Egyptian vegetables. Despite the increasing global demand for frozen products, Egyptian exports do not increase at the expected rate. The rate of increase in global demand for frozen food products exceeds 510% annually, Compared to its Egyptian counterparts. The study aimed at studying the internal and external markets of Egyptian frozen vegetables. The study aims at identifying the economic characteristics of the local market for frozen vegetables in general, and in particular for the field sample of vegetable freezing plants and processing them in addition to the internal markets for marketing these vegetables. Prices, categories and consumer attitudes towards them. The study was based mainly  on the available and available data published and unpublished by government agencies such as the Central Administration of Agricultural Economics in the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, the General Organization for Industrialization, the Chamber of Food Industries in the Federation of Industries, the Commodity Council for Food Industries, the Holding Company for Food Industries, the Commercial Representation Authority, General for Export and Import Control, as well as foreign trade base data at the National Information Center of the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. And the most important results as follows that the difference between the prices of the products, vegetables, frozen for different companies in Super accumulator different varieties where ranked Alabama to buy smile from the above parties between the varieties by about 71% of the total parties the company has a smile, and then are classified Mallow estimated at around 14.8 % of the total group has a company-Bessemer, as expected from the results I classified the grape of the biggest differences between varieties increased by approximately 26.7% of the total team purchase Montana, the following varieties of spinach increased by approximately 24.4 % of the total group company Montana.

Abstract: The present study was carried out from November (2015) - October (2017) to determine the toxicological effects of pesticides exposure on agricultural application workers. Blood samples of the investigated workers were collected from Giza, Qalyubiyah and El-Buhayrah Governorates, Egypt. Thirty male individuals represented pesticide application workers were involved from the three governorates. Also, 25 male individuals (aged 18-55 years) were selected randomly from Cairo Governorate to represent the unexposed (control) group. Ten ml of blood sample per individual was collected and serological analysis for hematological (RBCs, TLC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC), biochemical (ALT, AST, total protein, urea, creatinine and uric acid) and oxidative stress (GSH.R, MDA and AChE) parameters were carried out. Results: About 53% of workers involved was with an average level of education, between 18 and 35 years of age (57%), working in their field for 6 to 10 years (40%), about eight hours a day for six days a week on average (67%). Hb, MCH, MCHC, ALT, AST, AlP, TP, urea, creatinine and MDA were increased significantly by 5.58, 9.23, 3.75, 55.49, 42.44, 30.07, 6.83, 49.33, 25.48, and 133.02% respectively. While the levels of Alb, GSH.R and AChE activity were significantly decreased by 14.51, 8.33 and 21.04% respectively. a significant positive correlation between exposure duration and ALT, AST, creatinine, urea and MDA. While, there were significant negative correlations between exposure duration and total protein, alkaline phosphatase, AChE Activity, GSH.R, RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV and MCH. Conclusions: Increasing of pesticide application workers vital parameters gives an indication of the occurrence of various health consequences due to chronic exposure to pesticides. These results can be explained by the fact that the negligence of workers in following occupational safety and health measures from wearing protective tasks, not smoking, drinking and eating during the application of pesticides, resulting from the low awareness of workers about the risks of the materials dealt with and the decrease in their educational and cultural level increases the chances of exposure to the pesticide. On the health of the worker.

ABSTRACT The effect of different nitrogen sources (glucosamine sulfate, ammonium sulfate, aspartic acid, phenylalanine and peptone) in comparison to sodium nitrate, the major nitrogen compound in basal agar Czapek’s synthetic medium growth were studied on the linear growth of Rhizoctonia solani and its pathogenicity on faba bean germinated seeds. Ammonium sulfate exhibited faster liner growth and showed the same effect as the basal medium with sodium nitrate while, glucosamine sulfate showed less growth rate compared with sodium nitrate. Glucosamine sulfate and ammonium sulfate showed significant reduction in number of infection cushions which led to significant decrease of disease index in vitro. Our results showed strongly significant positive correlations between disease index and both of diameters of hyphae and number of infection cushions while, very weak correlation coefficient was found between disease index and linear growth of R. solani. Under greenhouse conditions, glucosamine sulfate or peptone as a sole nitrogen sources in food requirements of Rhizoctonia solani inoculum depressed the virulence of the fungus. The effect of different amounts of glucosamine sulfate was determined on fungal growth rate, infection cushions, disease index in vitro and polyphenol oxidase activity. Increasing amount of glucosamine sulfate showed significantly reduction of growth rate in comparison to the basal medium with sodium nitrate. All seeds subjected to R. solani grown on different amount of glucosamine sulfate showed the lower number of infection cushions, disease index and polyphenol oxidase activity compared with sodium nitrate. Under greenhouse conditions, disease index showed significantly decreased effect when glucosamine sulfate used as soil applications and showed better effect on shoot weight and root weight compared with control plants treated with sodium nitrate. Our study proposes that glucosamine sulfate may acts as controlling factor of pathogenicity genes of R. solani. Key words: Rhizoctonia solani, faba bean, Vicia faba, nitrogen sources, glucosamine sulfate, pathogenicity.

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of testosterone propionate (TP) on hatchability, chick measurements and some plasma metabolites in Dokki- 4 strain of chickens during embryogenesis stage. A total of 350 fertile eggs (45-55 g. in average) were individually weighed and incubated .At the 5th day of incubation, eggs were divided into 3 experimental groups as follow; control(C) non-injected groups ,while the other groups T1 and T2 eggs were injected in albumin with 25 and 100µg TP solvated in 50µl plant oil.  Results showed that hatchability % was significantly decreased in-ovo injected groups by 1214%than control groups, while embryonic mortality rate was increased by in-ovo injection with TP. Chick weight, total protein, albumin, calcium and phosphorus levels were significantly increased in TP injection than control .Also, male chicks % based on the visual examination was increased by TP in –ovo injection than control.   In conclusion: in-ovo injection of TP at the 5th day of incubation with 25 and 100µg TP/50µl plant oil had decreased the hatchability %, but increased embryonic mortality, some plasma constituents, male% ,chick weight and chick length in Dokki-4 strain of chickens.

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of acidifiers on growth performance and immunity of the African catfish C. gariepinus. This experiment was carried out in the wet lab of Fish Production Branch, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University. A total of 120 fish were selected as healthy catfish which had a uniform size and average weight of 94.93 ± 0.89 g. A thirty of catfish were used in each treatment divided into three replicates as (10 fish/ quadrate tank). Four experimental diets were formulated at 35 % crude protein with different levels of organic acid blend (OAB); diet was supplemented with 0, 2, 4 and 6 ml of organic acid per kilogram diet. Growth parameters, apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract were measured. The chemical proximate analysis for whole-body of fish was conducted at the end of the experimental period. Hematological parameters of fish and liver function enzymes were also measured. The fish group fed on 0.6 % organic acids blend showed the highest significance (P < 0.05) increase in total weight gain (438 ± 14.24 g), specific growth rate, best feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio and highest protein efficiency than the rest of experimental groups. The highest apparent digestibility for crude protein were achieved in the third fish group which fed diet supplemented with acidifiers at 4 ml / kg diet and have significant difference (P < 0.05) with other groups. Data obtained in hepatosomatic index % showed no significant difference among different treatment refers to the health status of liver. However, ALAT  and ASAT recorded high values in the higher group of OAB-treated fish indicating that liver could be affected. Hematological parameters were in normal range except for PCV, Hb, RBCs, and WBCs count which were decreased in the high dose of treated fish. Finally, it could be concluded that using of acidifiers as feed additives at lower doses can enhance growth, productivity and immunity of the African catfish (C. gariepinus).

Characteristics and protective effect of pomegranate juice (PJ), lemon juice (LJ), wheatgrass juice (WGJ) and their functional blends were evaluated. Total phenolics (TP), flavonoids (TF) content as well as free radical scavenging activity were determined. Meanwhile, total acidity, pH values were determined and the organoleptic attributes were evaluated. Also, the protective effect of functional blending juice against carbohydrate intolerance in patients was investigated by hydrogen breath test.  The results revealed that the WGJ are low acidic in nature. While, the PJ and LJ showed high acidity which raised the total acidity in the functional blending juice. PJ had high content of total phenolics 17.45 mg/ml followed by 5.85 mg/ml for functional blending juice. While, the LJ showed high acidity which raised the total acidity in the in the functional blending juice. PJ had high content of total phenolics 17.45 mg/ml followed by 13.25 mg/ml for functional blending juice. While, significant increase in the TF 22.15 mg/ml in the wheatgrass juice followed by functional blending juice 5.70 mg/ml significant increase in the TF 25.25 mg /ml in the functional blending juice followed by 22.15 mg/ml for wheatgrass juice. Whereas, the results showed that functional blending juice recorded the highest antioxidant activity, which revealed great free radical scavenging activity 98.16%. Depending on sensory evaluation, the proportions of fourth blend WGJ: PJ: LJ in ratio 20:70:10 was most preferred for consumption by the panelists compared to other blending ratios.  After one month for patients group treated by functional blending juice at blinds ratio (WGJ 20: PJ 70: LJ 10), showed a significant decrease in the concentration of the hydrogen level in the exhalation air to reach a significant level of the control patients group, indicating the ability of the active compounds in functional blending juice to relieve the problems of carbohydrate intolerance. Accordingly, healthy promoting beverages can be produced by addition blending of pomegranate juice, lemon juice and wheatgrass juice.

A total of 320 fertile eggs, were divided randomly into 4 treatments with four replicates and 20 eggs per each replicate. Treatments including: T1; control; without injection, T2; injected with 0.1ml saline solution; sham control, T3, injected with0.1 ml either containing 0.75 ppm inorganic or Nano – iron particles 75 ppm Fe-Nano inorganic, T4, injected with 75 ppm Fe inorganic  On the 7th day of incubation, 0.1 ml solution was In ovo injected into the egg .Body weight and body weight gain were measured at biweekly intervals, at 42d of age, three hens per replicate were weighted, sacrificed for slaughtering weights of carcass, internal organs(heart, liver, and lymphoid organs i.e. (spleen, thymus and Bursa) were recorded. Blood samples were collected at slaughtering bird at 42d of age. There were significant increase in body weight and body weight gain in treatments injected with75 ppm Fe-Nano inorganic and 75 ppm Fe inorganic compared with control. There were no significantly differences among all experimental groups in dressed carcass, gizzard, and heart, liver. Abdominal fat decreased in groups injectedwith75 ppm both iron forms. Compared with the control group. No variation was observed in the weight of bursa and spleen, however thymus weight was significantly higher in both Fe inorganic and Fe nano inorganic injected groups than un-injected control group. High density lipoprotein concentration and cholesterol were significantly decreased by different treatment as compared with the control group. These results suggest that, 75 ppm Fe inorganic or75 ppm Fe-Nano injection at the 7th im proved at the 7th day of incubation improved embryonic growth and development as well as decreasing post hatched chick's plasma cholesterol.

he present experiment was conducted to determine the optimal source and level of phosphorus supplementation in commercial feeds with the highest growth rate and the lowest releasing in environmental and protect water quality of Nile Juveniles tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were divided into twelve groups (groups) each group was stocked into two aquaria each contains 10 fish.  Fish were fed diet contained different levels of phosphorus (0.005, 0.007, 0.009 and 0.011%Kg diet phosphorus) from   three different sources of phosphorus (mono calcium phosphate, mono potassium phosphate and mono sodium phosphate) for a period of 12 weeks. Results showed that average daily gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversation ratio were significantly improved at (p) 1.1% dietary phosphorus level with mono sodium phosphate as the source of phosphorus, mono calcium phosphate represented the highest significant (P<0.05) value of growth and blood parameters (Packed cell volume (PCV), Hemoglobein(Hb) ,red blood cell(RBC) and white blood cell(WBC) in Oreochromis niloticus .  Concerning levels of phosphorus the result clearly indicated that the 0.9% phosphorus level recorded the significant (P<0.05) highest growth and blood parameters in Oreochromis niloticus. Body composition analysis showed that the whole body protein and ash content were increased linearly but lipid was decreased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary of phosphorus.

One day old wheat grain sprouts were used to study the effect of using saline water for sprouting on sprout characters, and changes of some chemical compounds after 2 years wheat grain storage of Gemmeiza 11 cultivar. Sprout characters showed no significant different in storage grain sprouts weight at all NaCl concentration while increased in fresh grains sprouts with increasing NaCl concentration. Sprouts chemical components as affected by storage revealed that storage Gemmiza II had the highest crude protein and the lowest carbohydrate content compared with dry fresh seeds. Non storage grains also had higher protein and lowest carbohydrate and energy content compare with dry fresh grains. The results of phytochemical analysis showed that wheat fresh grain sprouts increase phytochemical compounds and recorded the higher values when using saline water (37 compounds) followed by using tap water (33 compounds) compared with dry fresh grains (30 compounds). Saline water also enhanced the number of phytochemical compounds in two year storage grain sprouts (31 compounds vs. 28 compounds for tap water). Moreover, storage grains decreased the number of identified compounds during sprouting. It can be recommended that wheat grain sprouting is a procedure that has been developed to significantly increase the bioavailability of phytonutrients and phytochemical to ensure the nutritional security of population for Egypt.