In this preliminary investigation, various hematologic variables potentially influential in determining the degree of blood viscosity were evaluated in 10 Thoroughbred horses subjected to competitive acute running exercise. Following completion of sprints over a distance of 1.25 miles, mean percent (+/- SD) increases in PCV (38.3 +/- 12.9%), RBC (47.8 +/- 15.3%), and rouleaux index (232.7 +/- 176.8%) were recognized. Simultaneous increases in total plasma protein (28.3 +/- 5.31%), serum albumin (26.7 +/- 6.80%), alpha 1-globulin (60.0 +/- 49.0%), alpha 2-globulin(25.5 +/- 27.9%), beta 1-globulin (46.7 +/- 21.1%), beta 2-globulin (35.0 +/- 50.6%), gamma 1- and 2-globulins (38.7 +/- 29.6%), and plasma fibrinogen (12.5 +/- 10.4%) concentrations increased simultaneously. Horses also had consistent decreases in albumin:globulin ratio (- 10.0 +/- 7.43%). Alterations in these hematologic values after acute running exercise in Thoroughbred horses accompanied increases in serum (69.3 +/- 39.7%), plasma (39.7 +/- 11.9%), and blood (134.7 +/- 55.3%) viscosity.

A study was conducted to examine sources of variation introduced into a phagocytosis assay as a result of the isolation of neutrophils from bovine blood, including variation attributable to isolation of neutrophils from blood, variation between duplicate determinations of percentage phagocytosis, and the variation in the ability of neutrophils isolated from blood (over repeated collections from the jugular vein) to phagocytose. For the phagocytosis assay, jugular venous blood from each of 4 cows was divided into 2 equal portions. The neutrophils were isolated by lysis of red blood cells with 0.2% sodium chloride. The neutrophils (2 X 10(7)) were incubated in duplicate with 32P-labeled Staphylococcus aureus ([32P]SA; 2 X 10(8)) inskimmed milk samples (2.5% final concentration) prepared from 4 cows. This process was repeated thrice on neutrophils isolated from 4 cows at 2-week intervals. The proportions of variation in percentage of 32P-labeled S aureus phagocytosed between duplicate neutrophil isolations and between duplicate assay determinations were 0 and 1%. Differences among skimmed milk sources and among runs, using blood neutrophils taken at different times from the same donor cow, accounted for 62 and 36% of the total variation. The results indicated that variation arising from blood neutrophil isolation introduced into a phagocytosis assay within a single-day trial is of no concern. The large variation among skimmed milk sample sources indicated differences among cows in the ability of their milk to support phagocytosis. The variation in neutrophil isolations over time for any cow was considered too large to allow for evaluation of physiologic and environmental effects on phagocytosis of neutrophils isolated from blood.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were studied circadian rhythms of some haemotological and biochemical blood indexes of clinically healthy calves and calves with a respiratory syndrome. There was analyzed the efficiency of administration a new complex mineral preparation CMP for correction of internal desynchronoses in complex therapy of calves with respiratory pathologies. Diseases of calves with a respiratory syndrome were accompanied by infringements of circadian fluctuations rhythm (internal desynchronosis) of haemotological and biochemical blood indexes. Application of an antimicrobial preparation Ampicillin for treatment of respiratory diseases of calves promoted the recovery of calves. Introduction of CМP preparation into therapeutic regimen of calves with respiratory syndrome proved to be rather effective; it promoted the correction of metabolic desynchronoses which accompanied the basic disease. Combined application of CМP and Ampicillin made it possible to speed up the clinical recovery of calves and on 30% to prevent animal mortality.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was determined of a dose of input and efficiency of feeding with rape oil cake and protein meal produced on the basis of a new rape (Brassica napus) variety Yavar as a part of a mixed fodder KR-2 in diets of young stock of cattle. Rape oil cake and protein meal with the content of 1,4-1,9% glucosinolates and 27-30 mcM per 1 kg of a dry matter of erucidic acid can be included into composition of the mixed fodder КR-2 for bull calves in a dose up to 20% on weight. Feeding with the mixed fodders КR-2 with inclusion of rape oil cake and protein meal made it possible to receive daily average weight gain of calves at a level of 827-906 gram at expenses of forages of 5,4-5,9 forage units per 1 kilogram of a weight gain. It was caused by cheaper rape forages. In course of the study there was analyzed the chemical composition of rape oil cake and protein meal; indexes of rumen digestion of experimental bull calves; morphological and biochemical blood structure; changes of body weight; daily average weight gain and expenses for forages.

An effort to demonstrate the mechanism of homeostatic alteration of high-producing cows at the period of increasing milking capacity and peculiar features of its changing in the conditions of introduction into cattle diets of carbohydrate containing and carbohydrate compensative additives was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. In course of the experiment there were used white-and-black breed cows of 3-4 lactations with body weight of 700 kg and milk yield over the last lactation of 7000-8000 kg of milk. Experimental cows in two weeks before the supposed calving were administrated with 50 ml of propylene glycol, 6 g of niacin and 50 ml of glycerin; and in course of 60 days after calving the administration of the additives was realized in doses of 125 ml; 6 g; 50 ml, respectively. Research results showed that application of mentioned above additives rendered the positive effect on cow liver that was proved by the improved hemic function of experimental cows: increasing of quantity of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit

Influence of monocalcium phosphate on natural resistance and clinical indexes of blood of breeding bull calves of white-and-black breed was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Bull calves of the first (control) group in the composition of their main ration were fed with mixed fodder K-66-b, hay, green mass and as a balanced phosphoric-potassium additive they were fed with8 grams of defluorinated phosphate per 1 kg of mixed feed. Bulls of the second, third and fourth experimental groups in combination with the standard ration instead of difluoridated phosphate were fed with 5; 10; and 15 grams monocalcium phosphate per 1 kg of combined feed, respectively. Research results showed that application of fodder monocalcium phosphate in addition to the main ration made it possible to increase calcium and phosphorus content in blood of experimental bull calves. In the control group phosphorous content was 2,17 micromole, in the experimental groups – 2,40-2,78 micromole; calcium content – 2,50 and 2,58-2,88 micromole, respectively. The analyzed additive rendered positive effect on protein exchange, increased the natural resistance, bacterial growth-inhibitory activity in blood serum in the third, fourth and second groups on 50,3%, 42,5%, and 40,3%, respectively; lysozyme activity – on 46,0%, 39,2%, and 32,3%, respectively; phagocytic activity of leukocytes – on 21,9%, 25%, and 19,1%