Swiss cheese samples collected aseptically from private dairies were analysed for the presence of Penicillium citrinum and for the efficacy of antimycotic agents against P.enicillium citrinum. The spore suspension of Penicillium citrinumand antimycotic agents like pimaricin and potassium sorbate at specified concentrations were added to cheese and stored at 250 C for 21 days. The keeping quality of cheese was assessed at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. On statistical analysis, pimaricin at 10 ppm concentration was found to be highly significant (P <0.01) over 5 ppm of pimaricin, 500 and 1000 ppm of potassium sorbate with regard to anti-mycotic effect.

Swiss cheese samples collected aseptically from private dairies were analysed for the presence of Penicillium citrinum and for the efficacy of antimycotic agents against P.enicillium citrinum. The spore suspension of Penicillium citrinumand antimycotic agents like pimaricin and potassium sorbate at specified concentrations were added to cheese and stored at 250 C for 21 days. The keeping quality of cheese was assessed at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. On statistical analysis, pimaricin at 10 ppm concentration was found to be highly significant (P <0.01) over 5 ppm of pimaricin, 500 and 1000 ppm of potassium sorbate with regard to anti-mycotic effect.

One hundred fifty cheese samples were collected between 8 October 2017 to February 2018. Fifty samples from each  cows , buffalos and sheep. The sample transferred to TSB (tryptone soy broth) and PBS (Phosphate buffer saline) for enrichment and cooled enrichment procedure respectively. Using Yersinia selective agar TSB enrichment showed high percentage of suspected Yersinia isolation. Eleven isolates from cow cheese (22%), 10 isolates from buffaloes cheese (20%) and  8 isolates from sheep cheese (12%). In contrast PBS enrichment showed better selectivity to reduce bacterial number other than suspected Yersinia enterocolitica isolates.  The results indicate there were 8 isolates from cow cheese (22%), 9 isolates from buffaloes cheese (20%) and 7 isolates from sheep cheese (16 %). The suspected colonies that grow on selective agar and having bull eye appearance were subjected to biochemical identification. The results showed that cow and buffaloes cheese were contaminated with this bacterium at the percentage of  8% and 6% respectively. Sheep cheese was also contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica at a percentage of 4 %. The total percentage of isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from all animals were 6.%.. The isolated strains were highly susceptible toward azithromycin, streptomycin, and Gentamycin, followed by Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol (93.3%). The low susceptibility was found toward vancomycin (6.66%) followed by Cloxacillin (33.3%). The result of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for enterotoxin genes,  ystA and ystB were investigated by PCR using a pair of primers for each. The results showed that ystA gene was absent in all nine investigated strains while ystB gene was present in four strain at a ratio of 44.4%.

A number of 50 Ardeola ibis ibis birds were found harboring six nematodes species; Tetrameres species, Microtteramere species, Synhimantus invaginatus, Synhimantus equispeculatus, Ascaridia species, Paracamallanus species,and five species of trematodes; Euclinostomum heterostomum, Nephrostomum ramosum, Apharyngostrigea ibis, Apatemon gracilis and Centrocestus armatus. The most common infection by nematodes was (46%) in which highest infection rate Synhimantus invaginatus recorded (30 %) while the trematode infection was (24 %) and Apatemon gracilis was the most prevalent (16 %). Experimental infection of buff backed heron by encysted metacercaria (EMC) and exysted metacercaria (ExMC) of Clinostomum complanatum from freshwater fish Tilapia nilotica, resulted in adult worms formed after 6 days. Where the infection by EMC recorded higher worm burden (14-18 worm) and hatching percent (78%) while the infection by ExMC gave lower worm burden (7-10 worm / bird ) and hatching (48 %). In the present study, it is worthy to mention that buff backed heron act as final host model for Clinostomum complanatum and this will be helpful in further biological and immunological studies for this trematode to decrease its economic losses in fish intermediate host.Fifty random samples of Kareish cheese were collected from different localities in Bani-suef Governorate. All samples were examined chemically for acidity, salt and moisture percent and bacteriologicaly for the presence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella and Shigella species. The obtained results revealed that the mean values of acidity, salt and moisture % were 1.63 ± 0.095,3.55 ± 0.299 and 58.54 ± 0.599 in the examined kareish cheese samples, respectively.Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens were recovered from 16 (32%), 12(24%), 46 (92%), 25 (50 %) and 3 (6%) with a mean value of 4.86x102 ±4.21x10 2, 4.84x 10 5 ± 2.91x10 5, 3.74x10 6±1.55x10 6, 7.08x10 4±2.61x10 4 and 9.5x10 1 ± 7.37x10 1 of the examined samples , respectively. Yersinia enterocolitica could be isolated from 12% of the examined samples. Salmonella and Shigella species could not be detected in any of the examined samples. The isolated Escherichia coli were examined for serological identification, Enterotoxigenicity and the susceptibility of the isolated serovars to various chemotherapeutic agents. The public health significance and economical importance of the isolated organisms and the recommendations to be followed in the processing, handling and storage of such dairy product were discussed

In the present study, 135 samples were collected from different animal's including:75 samples were from milk and 60 samples were from cheese, 54 (40%) sample were foundto be harbored with Staphylococcus aureus. The rate of S. aureus isolates was 50% inbuffalo's cheese, 40.54% in buffalo's milk, 36.8% in cow's milk, and 33.33% in cow'scheese. 100% strains were Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus. The antibioticsensitivity test was determined against 8 common antibiotics by the agar disc diffusionmethod on Muller-Hinton agar. These antibiotics were amoxicillin (25mcg), ampicillin(10mcg), Oxacillin (1mcg), chloramphenicol (30mcg), erythromycin (15mcg), gentamycin(10mcg), methicillin (5mcg), and tetracycline (30mcg). S. aureus strains were screened byPCR for 16S rRNA and nuc genes. 49 out of 54 S. aureus isolates were yielded productswith molecular weight approximately (228 bp) corresponding to 16S rRNA gene, 42 out of54 isolates were give products with molecular weight approximately (270bp) correspondingto nuc gene, 22 and 4 out of 30 S. aureus isolates were give products with molecular weightapproximately (310bp and 509bp) corresponding to mecA and femA genes, respectively.

Fifty samples of white cheese were collected from 3 different local market of Basra city AL-basra, (15), AL-ashar(20) and AL-jumhurya(15 ) samples respectively, After being examined by culturing on MSA media , the results reveal thate 53.33% , 50% , and 13.33% of Staph aureus were isolate from white chees respectively . Depending on the biotyping , the percentage of biotype A Staphylococcus aureus was 90% and biotype C was 10% . Antibiotic sensitivety test showed that 55% ,55% , 45% , 35% of isolates were more sensitive to Erythromycin Chloramphenicol Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin respectively

The study was performed to the study synergistic effect of Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid  (EDTA) and Imipenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were  isolated from cheese at Hilla province. Cheese samples 70 were collected randomly from (Retail, supermarkets and dairy shops) in Hilla and were transported to the laboratory.     The result revealed (45%)   Pseudomonas aeruginous detecte were collected from cheese. These isolates were tested for disk diffusion method for susceptibility of  imipenem. Eight isolates  were  resistant , and  (84.3%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain were sensitive  (84.3%)  to EDTA alone.     Also, the result showed of Synergistic EDTA- IMP disc diffusion against (8) isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed (87.5%) isolates were sensitive. However; the The result showed significant (P < 0.05) of susceptibility to (8) P. aeruginosa isolates to imipenem with and without EDTA. In conclusion, according to the present study can use oxidant agent inhibition of growth bacteria specific P. aeruginosa such as ethylene diamene tetra acidic acid (EDTA) and can used in preserving food specific sold cheese.

Fourty locally white soft cheese random samples were collected from different markets of Baghdad Algadeda city in order to investigate the presence of Salmonellae Spp. in cheese which produced and consumed locally in Baghdad. The samples were collected during the period from December 2011 to March 2012. The samples were directly transferred to the laboratory and analyzed immediately without further storage. The isolation and identification methods include: (pre-enrichment) culture stage by peptone water then (Selective enrichment) culture stage by selenite broth after that culturing on sold (Selective media) which was Bismuth Sulphate agar. The biotyping by using API strip according to the API 20E miniaturized identification system for Salmonella SPP.. The isolated Salmonella strains were transferred on Triple Sugar Iron agar to undergone stereotyping at the Institute of Public Health,Baghdad,Iraq. Data revealed that 2 out of the total 40 (5%) of the cheese samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp. Salmonella typhimurium was the only serotype that have been found.

The main objectives of the present study were to compare the petrifilm TM Aerobic count plates (ACP) with conventional standard plate count (SPC) for enumerating aerobic bacteria and secondly to compare the petrifilm TM coliform count plates (CCP) with conventional coliform plate count (CPC) method for isolation and enumeration of E.coli in locally produced soft white cheese samples .A total of 60 samples of soft cheese (30 samples to each petrifilmTM and conventional methods) have been collected randomly at weekly intervals from different retail markets in Baghdad province and its surroundings during the period of 6 months from the December 2011 till the May 2012.All results of cultural characteristics and biochemical reactions of E.coli isolates were in accordance with the main features described in Bergeys Manual of determinative bacteriology .The laboratory studies of the cultural isolation revealed that 20 (66.6%) isolates of E.coli were isolated from 30 soft white cheese samples by the conventional direct plating (CPC) method while 24 (80%) isolates of E.coli were isolated from another 30soft cheese samples by using a new petrifilm TM technique. The detection limit for aerobic bacteria by the petrifilm TM technique versus the conventional direct plating were 16x109 cfu/g and 5x108 cfu/g respectively while the detection limit of E.coli by the petrifilm TM technique versus the conventional coliform plate count (CPC) were 22X106 cfu/g and 12x105 cfu/g respectively. Results obtained in this study revealed that the petrifilm TM technique has been recognized to be significantly (P

This work was applied on sixty cheese samples represented by Kareish ,cheddar and Romano cheeses (20 of each).The samples were submitted to High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for qualitative and quantitative determination of biogenic amines .The results were summarized as Kareish cheese has higher concentrations of Tyramine and Cadaverine in low and high levels of manufacturing quality ( 29.64 ± 1.72 and 9.91 ± 0.60 mg/100gm) and (17.48 ± 1.09 and 5.61± 0.37 mg/100gm) respectively, Meanwhile, Histamine level was higher in both levels of Romano cheese (22.96 ± 1.17 and 18.35± 1.12 mg/100gm) respectively. Putrescine represented in high levels in cheddar cheese (13.40 ± 1.02 and 10.61 ± 0.74 mg/100gm) respectively. Comparing with the Egyptian Organization for Standardization"EOS" (1996), all the cheese samples were not exceeded the permissible level of Cadaverine in contrast with the other biogenic amines. The study concluded that presence of high concentrations of biogenic amines reflect the bad hygienic conditions under which they produced and stored