Objective: The objective of this investigation was to determine the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on the weight and cellularity of abdominal and subcutaneous fat depots. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on four broiler chicks (20 chicks per group) fed commercial feed and water ad libitum. The DEX was supplied with feed at 0 mg/kg (non-DEX), 3 mg/kg (DEX-1), 5 mg/kg (DEX-2), and 7 mg/kg (DEX-3) from day 0 to day 28. The entire abdominal and subcutaneous fat depots were collected and weighed after sacrificing five birds from each group on days 14 and 28. Results: The DEX groups had considerably lower (p < 0.05) fat depot weights with dose-related variation noted among the DEX groups. The histological findings revealed the presence of uniloc¬ular, round to oval-shaped adipocytes. The DEX-1 and DEX-2 had way lower (p < 0.05) numbers of adipocytes while the DEX-3 had considerably higher (p < 0.05) numbers of adipocytes than the non-DEX. DEX-1 and DEX-2 had larger (p < 0.05) adipocytes whereas DEX-3 had smaller adipocytes than the non-DEX. Adipocyte sizes and fat depot weights were found to have very strong negative relationships. Conclusion: Dietary DEX affects the growth and distribution of abdominal and subcutaneous fat depots and adipocyte cellularity subjected to both dose and duration of DEX treatment. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(4.000): 583-590]

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of newly developed multi¬component ear drops for the treatment of otitis caused by parasites, bacteria, and fungi in dogs, cats, ferrets, fancy rabbits, and foxes. Materials and Methods: A new drug for veterinary use was developed that contained levofloxacin hemihydrate (0.3%), clotrimazole (0.1%), dexamethasone sodium phosphate (0.1%), and mox¬idectin (0.01%). In the initial stage of otoacariasis (or the ear form of psoroptic scab), the drug was used twice with an interval of 57 days. When otoacariasis (psoroptic scab) was complicated by otitis of bacterial and/or fungal etiology, the drug was used as follows: instilled once a day, within 1014 days in the ear canal for 25 drops of the drug. The study of therapeutic efficacy was per¬formed on cats, dogs, ferrets, foxes, and fancy rabbits with ear pathology. Results: The recovery of cats, ferrets, dogs, and foxes after the double use of ear drops during otoacariasis was established. In the ear form of psoroptic scab in fancy rabbits after treatment, Psoroptes cuniculi mites were not detected. The specific (antimicrobial and antifungal) activity of the drug was confirmed in vivo using the following scheme of drug use: the drug was instilled once a day, within 1014 days in the ear canal, 25 drops of the drug in animals with external otitis and otitis media. Conclusion: The rational combination of active components developed in this study is effective and safe for use in animals with microbial diseases of the ears. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(1.000): 115-126]

This case was carried out to compare the healing process and time for the treatment of mange in goats using a combination of Ivermectin with dexamethasone to the earlier Ivermectin with antihistaminics approach. A 3 ½ years old female Boer cross goat was presented with a complaint of crusty lesions on different parts of the body during a routine farm visit in Selangor, Malaysia. Microscopic examinations of the skin scrapes taken revealed Sarcoptes and Psoroptes sp. of mites, while hematological analysis showed slight leucocytosis, neutrophilia with left shift, monocytosis, hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia. Ivermectin injection at 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously was administered once every 2 weeks in 4 divided doses, while Dexamethasone injection at 1 mg/10 kg and multivitamin at 10 mg/kg IM for 5 days repeated at alternate weeks. Significant improvement was recorded 6 weeks after commencement of treatment and full recovery at 10 weeks. The current drug regimen proved more effective when compared with previous cases that were treated with a combination of ivermectin and antihistaminics.

Gastric ulceration is a common gastrointestinal ailment with serious consequences that can lead to serious illness or even death. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of tadalafil (TAD) and dexlansoprazole (DLP) in treating stomach ulcers caused by dexamethasone (DEX) in male albino Wister rats. Thirty male albino Wister rats were divided into 5 groups (6 rats each): control group received normal saline, positive control group received DEX 5 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal (i.p.) for 7 days, the third group received DLP 30 mg/kg/day orally after DEX, the fourth group received TAD 5 mg/kg/day orally after DEX, and the fifth group received DLP and TAD orally after DEX. Persistence and prevention of ulcers, pepsin activity, mucin content, and histopathological changes were evaluated after each trial. Reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in gastric homogenates. Serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were also measured.  Treatment with either TAD or DLP alone significantly reduced ulcer index (U.I.), pepsin activity, TNF-α, IL-10 and MDA with significant rise in mucin content, PGE2, NO, GSH, and improved the histological alteration compared to DEX group. When TAD and DLP were administered together, there was a more notable decrease in U.I., pepsin activity, gastric MDA, TNF-α, and IL-10 with concomitant more significant increase in mucin content, NO content, and PGE2 production compared to the TAD or DLP groups alone. Compared to each medicine alone, TAD and DLP together have promising therapeutic potential in preventing stomach ulcers caused by DEX.