Chromobacterium violaceum is a facultative anaerobic, gram-negative rodshaped bacteria normally found in soil and stagnant water of tropical and subtropical countries. Infections of Chromobacterium violaceum are rare among mammals, but the first human infection were reported in Malaysia in 1927. This clinical case reports two separate cases of Chromobacterium violaceum infection in two sub-adult male Black-handed Gibbon (Hylobates agilis). Both animals were presented with the history of diarrhea, pyrexia and inappetance. From the physical examination, the findings were high body temperature, dull, inactive, soft fecal stained at the rectum and small open wound at lower limb of one of the case. The treatment given was antipyretic and multivitamin. Unfortunately, due to poor prognosis both patients died within 48 hours after presentation and treatment. Autopsy examinations wereperformed to find out the cause of death. Post mortem examination findings revealed hepatomegaly with multiple size whitish-yellow spots on the liver surface, congestion and enlargement of spleen and lymph node, congestion of lung and loss of demarcation between renal cortex and medulla of the kidney. The cellular changes via histopathological findings of kidney, spleen, lung and liver were suggestive of septicaemia. The gross and histopathologicalfindings were supported by the isolation of Chromobacterium violaceum via bacterial isolation and identification from lung, liver, spleen and kidney. Thus, the cause of death of the two sub-adult male Black-handed gibbon in this case are due to septicaemiadue to Chromobacterium violaceum infection.

A number of studies have measured collagen fibers and collagen
deposition in wound healing process with advances imaging techniques. However, these are performed by complicated methods and need specific tools. In search of the easier ways in routine histopathological laboratory, collagen measurement and staining pattern of wound healing process were observed in wounded skin of Sprague Dawley’s rat by using two different stains which are standard haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and modified Masson’s
trichrome staining (MT). The comparison between these staining in wounded tissues was made to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of both staining in wound healing study for 21 days postwounding. Tissues which stained with MT staining was then evaluated its collagen re-organization and density by using polarized light microscope with the aid of image analyzer software. Results showed that tissues stained with standard H&E could not be used to measure and differentiate the collagen deposition which is contradictory to MT staining. Wounded tissue stained with MT staining has showed a clear view of collagen fibers deposition
and re-organisation compared to H&E staining. This finding could validate the using of modified MT staining which leads to accurate histopathological analysis and observation in wound healing study.

Diarrhoea in calves is considering a serious clinical problem inBangladesh. Calf is the back bone of the dairy industry. Diarrhoea in farm animals, especially in neonatal calves is one of the most challenging clinical syndromes encountered by large animal Veterinarypractitioners. The present investigation was conducted with the aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ciprofloxacin and gentamycin in the treatment of diarrhoea in neonatal calves. The studied was carried out for a period of six month from January 2013 to June 2013 in Kanaighat, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Calves (n=60) under 10 days of age with clinical signs of diarrhoea were randomly divided into two groups. One group was treated with intramuscular ciprofloxacin at a dose of 5 mg/kg once daily, while other group was treated withintramuscular (IM) gentamycin (dose of 5 mg/kg) once daily for three consecutive days. Calves evaluated clinically from the treatment and the recovery rates for the ciprofloxacin and gentamycin groups afterthree days of treatment were 73.33% and 66.67%, respectively. This trial revealed ciprofloxacine administered through IM route from the first day of the clinical sign observed was more efficacious in calfdiarrhoea compared to gentamycin.