BACKGROUND: Maturity of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) ovary takes place at 2-8 years old and it is depends on photoperiod and environmental water temperature. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify  macroscopical and microscopical structure of silver carp  ovary in  two categories of  body weight, total body length and  at  2 and 4 years old  in Khuzestan province climatic conditions. Methods: 20 silver carp ovaries were studied in two groups: Group 1(G1): 10 fish with total body length 46 ±1.33 Cm and weight 1050±0.09 grand approximately 2 years old. Group 2(G1): 10 fish with total body length 86±3.64 Cm and weight 5460±800 gr and approximately 4 years old. For the histometrical studies, 5-6 µ sections were made by routine paraffin embedding method and stained by H&amp;E and PAS. Results: Microscopic results showed that ovaries of G1 covered by a thin loose connective capsule which numerous of egg-bearingtrabecula extended from capsule into ovaries. These trabecula contained primary germ cells, oogonium, chromatin nocleolus, perinocleolus and cortical alveolus follicles. Ovaries of G1 do not have yolk and mature follicles. But in ovaries of G2, growth and mature follicles were observed and mature follicles were most follicles. Histometrical results showed that there are not a significant differences in diameter of follicles, oocytes and oocytes nucleolus in G1 and 2. The maximum and minimum diameter of follicles were seen in mature and chromatin nucleolus follicles respectively. The Zona plucida thickness was increased from corticalalveolus (1.53±1.11 mm) to mature follicles (6.88±0.21 mm) significantly (p<0.05). ConclusionS: The most interesting finding of this study is that in Khuzestan Province climate, the ovary of silver carp fish in G1, with average weight 1050 ±0.09 gr and total length 46±1.33 Cm and approximately of 2 years old is immature but ovary of G2 with average weight of 5460± 800 gr and total length 86±3.64 Cm and approximately 4 years old is mature.

A biological experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding of whole &nbsp;paddy&nbsp; grain on the&nbsp; haematological &nbsp;and intestinal &nbsp;histomorphology &nbsp;studies in broiler chicken. A total of 144 broilers were individually weighed, wing banded and randomly allotted on a weight equalization basis to 4 treatment groups with 3 replicates in each treatment group with 12 chicks in each replicate. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous treatment rations containing whole paddy grain at levels of 0 % (T1), 5 % (T2), 10% (T3) and 15% (T4) of the total ration at the expense of maize were formulated. No significant (P&gt;0.05) difference was observed in packed cell volume&nbsp;%,&nbsp; haemoglobin &nbsp;concentration, &nbsp;total &nbsp;erythrocyte &nbsp;count &nbsp;and &nbsp;total &nbsp;leucocyte &nbsp;count among treatment groups and control. There was no significant difference (P&lt;0.05) in intestinal length and weight between control and treatment groups. Intestinal histomorphology of duodenum recorded significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher villi height in T4 (692.02 µm) than T1 (534.12 µm) and significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher villi height: crypt depth ratio was recorded in T4 (18.88 µm) than T2 (12.77 µm) however, no significant (P&gt;0.05) difference was recorded in villi width, crypt depth, villi surface area. In jejunum, no significant (P&gt;0.05) difference was observed in villi height, villi width, crypt depth and villi surface area but villi height: crypt depth ratio recorded significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher values in T3 (14.51 µm) than T1 (8.57µm) group. In ileum, no significant (P&gt;0.05) difference was recorded in villi height, crypt depth, villi surface area and villi height: crypt depth ratio but villi width recorded significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher value in T2 (53.66µm) than T1(32.74 µm) group. The findings of this study indicated more favourable outcomes in the treatment groups compared to the control group, suggesting that inclusion of whole paddy grain up to 15% in broiler chicken ration had no negative effect on intestinal and haematological parameters.

Objectives: The research is based on the assessment of the beneficial role of vitamin E (vit-E) supplementation on the reproductive and renal functions in Cadmium (Cd)-exposed male mice. Materials and Method: Mice (n = 15 in each group) were kept untreated (Group A) or fed with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (3.5 mg/kg, Group B) per day or both CdCl2 (3.5 mg/kg) with vit-E supplementation (200 mg/kg, Group C) daily for 60 days. Mice were euthanized, blood samples were collected, and serum was prepared for biochemical and hormonal analysis. Sperm motility, sperm concentration, testis weight, and diameter were taken. Tissues from the kidneys and testicles were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histotexture study. Results: Cd treatment reduced the serum thyroxine (T4) and testosterone levels, but vit-E supplementation increased both T4 and testosterone levels in the Cd-treated mice. Cd treatment decreased sperm motility and concentration, testicular weight, and diameter, and induced degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules, which significantly improved upon vit-E supplementation. Increased serum urea, uric acid, and creatinine concentrations, along with cellular infiltration in the renal tubular epithelium and glomerular hyperplasia, were found in the Cd-treated mice, which were not found in the vit-E-supplemented mice. Conclusion: The study points to the harmful consequences of Cd on reproductive performance and renal functions that could potentially be mitigated upon vit-E supplementation in the diet. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(4.000): 1057-1065]

Objectives: Avian lymphatic system plays a very significant role in immunity as well as disease control. This research aimed to investigate the histomorphological changes and involution of the thymus of Sonali chicken at different post-natal stages in Bangladesh as the age-related changes of the thymus of Sonali chicken were not described before. Materials and methods: A gross and microscopic investigation was performed on the thymus of 25 healthy Sonali chickens representing different stages of post-natal life: days 1, 14, 28, 42, and 56. Experimental chickens were sacrificed by cervical subluxation, and the thymus was collected and subjected for both the gross and histological studies. The histological changes were examined with light microscopy after H&E staining. Results: The thymus was located in close association of the jugular vein, having a long chain of thy¬mic lobes, 58 lobes on each side. The statistically significant age-related changes were observed (p &lt; 0.05). All gross parameters (weight, length, width, and thickness) found to be increased up to day 42. On day 56, the growth was found to decline from the previous groups. The microscopic observations revealed the same pattern of changes such as gross parameters, i.e., continuously increased till day 42 and then declined (p &lt; 0.05). At day 56, the involutory signs such as partial loss of interlobular septa and accumulation of adipose tissue in connective tissue septa were found. Conclusion: It is well known that in chicken, after a certain period, the thymus got involuted. In Sonali chicken of Bangladesh, the age of involution was notified at day 56/8th week of the post-natal stage, which was correlated both in macro- and microscopic observations. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(2.000): 324-330]