A total of 23,322 specimens collected between 2014 and 2017, froma total of 2,592 cases, were received in Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh (VRI) from various states in Malaysia and testedfor common bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases in pigs. The highest occurrence of isolated bacteria from 771 samples whichtested positive were Salmonella (47.38%) and Escherichia coli (15.68%), followed by Staphylococcus (6.62%), Streptococcus (5.57%), Klebsiella pneumonia (4.88%), Pseudomona (3.38%), Acinetobacter (3.14%), Aeromonas (2.79%), Enterobacter (2.44%), one each of Bacillus and Pasteurella multocida (1.74%), Enterococcus (1.39%) and Corynebacterium (1.05%). 1.74% of each bacteria detected were Moxarella, Aspergillus, Burkholderia andChromobacterium. Positive samples tested by ELISA was Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) (9.15%), Aujezsky disease virus (ADV)(5.37%), porcine cirvo-virus-2 (PCV2) (5.09%) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (4.52%). Positive amples tested by the molecular test wasPCV2 (1.62%), PRRSV (1.32%) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) (0.4%). Serology tests were conducted on 11,305 samplesand reported positive for Brucella suis (15.32%), Brucella abortus (0.62%), Brucella melitensis (0.85%), and melioidosis (0.05%). Parasitology analyses on 99 samples. revealed presence of 10.1% coccidia and 1% each of helminths and Sarcocystis. Within the 4-year period, there were no positive samples for porcine parvovirus (PPV), Nipah virus, swine influenza virus (SIV), and bacteria of Johne’s disease and leptospirosis. Continuous assessment is required to establish a comprehensive baseline data of swine diseases in Malaysia.

The present study describes the use of electrochemiluminescenceimmunoassay (ECL) with the specific human kit for measuring plasma testosterone and progesterone in ovine. This study wascarried out on 16 mixed age animals of the local breed. They were divided into two groups of both sexes, namely Male-1 Group,Male-2 Group, Female-1 Group and Female-2 Group. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein into tubes containing EDTAand centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 20 min. Plasma was rapidly separated and stored at -20° C until assayed. The reproducibilityinter- and intra-assay of the P4- and T-ECL is satisfactory (2.11-7.3 %). The accuracy (93-102 %) and the test of parallelism were largely acceptable. No cross-reaction was observed with the different hormones including PMSG,hCG, progesterone,testosterone, oxytocin and PGF2α when concentrations of 10 UI/ml and 10-3 UI/ml were used. T concentrations were higher in Male-1 Group than in Male2 Group (1.67 ± 1.15 and 0.38 ± 0.45 ng/ml, respectively). The female-1 Group showed very high P4 concentrations (15.17 ± 4.91 ng/ ml) compared to the Female-2 Group (0.08 ± 0.04 ng/ml). The results obtained clearly show that human ECL system can be used to measure progesterone and testosterone in plasma ovine