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Leishmaniose visceral no Brasil
2013
Mary Marcondes | Claudio Nazaretian Rossi
A leishmaniose visceral (LV) está entre as mais importantes doenças transmitidas por vetores que ocorrem no Brasil, principalmente devido ao seu caráter zoonótico. Atualmente, está presente em quase todo o território brasileiro, e seu controle é um desafio tanto para médicos veterinários como para agentes de saúde pública. O agente etiológico da doença é a Leishmania infantum (syn chagasi), e o principal vetor no Brasil é a Lutzomyia longipalpis. De todos os animais identificados como reservatórios da LV, o cão é considerado o reservatório doméstico mais importante. Apesar da doença já ter sido identificada em gatos, o papel epidemiológico desta espécie animal ainda é incerto. O presente artigo apresenta uma breve revisão sobre a situação epidemiológica da doença, a sua forma de transmissão, os aspectos clínicos nos cães e gatos, bem como possíveis fatores de risco associados à ocorrência da doença no Brasil.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in dogs infected with various vector-borne pathogens and in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
2012
Objective: To determine the prevalence of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (pANCA) in dogs with confirmed or suspected immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) or dogs infected with various vector-borne pathogens, including Rickettsia rickettsii, Bartonella henselae, Bartonella vinsonii subsp berkhoffii, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Leishmania infantum. Animals: 55 dogs with confirmed or suspected IMHA, 140 dogs seroreactive for vector-borne pathogens, and 62 healthy dogs and dogs seronegative for vector-borne pathogens. Procedures: Samples were allocated to subgroups on the basis of the health status of the dogs and the degree of seroreactivity against various vector-borne pathogens. Serum samples were tested retrospectively via indirect immunofluorescence assay to determine pANCA status. Results: 26 of 55 (47%) dogs with confirmed or suspected IMHA and 67 of 140 (48%) dogs seroreactive for vector-borne pathogens had positive results when tested for pANCA. Serum samples with the highest antibody concentrations against L infantum antigen had the highest proportion (28/43 [65%]) that were positive for pANCA. One of 20 (5%) dogs seronegative for tick-borne pathogens and 8 of 22 (36%) dogs seronegative for L infantum had positive results for pANCA. One of 20 (5%) healthy dogs had serum antibodies against pANCA. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: pANCA were detected in a high percentage of dogs with IMHA and vector-borne infectious diseases. Therefore, pANCA may be a relatively nonspecific marker for dogs with inflammatory bowel disease, although they could represent a biomarker for immune-mediated diseases and infections.
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