A four-month-old male Labrador retriever puppy was presented to Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, Indian Veterinary Research Institute with the history of anorexia, vomiting, haemorrhagic diarrhoea and signs of hypovolaemic shock. The case was diagnosed as parvovirus gastroenteritis by rapid antigen detection test. Shock was managed by infusion of polyionic isotonic fluid.  Haematological examination revealed severe leukopenia with WBC count of 0.3×10³/µL, which was treated with administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (Filgrastim) at 5 mcg/kg subcutaneously along with supportive therapy. Dog showed elevated WBC count and improvement in clinical signs after 48 h. Administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor along with routine therapy enhanced the survivability in canine parvovirus gastroenteritis.

A four-month-old male Labrador retriever puppy was presented to Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, Indian Veterinary Research Institute with the history of anorexia, vomiting, haemorrhagic diarrhoea and signs of hypovolaemic shock. The case was diagnosed as parvovirus gastroenteritis by rapid antigen detection test. Shock was managed by infusion of polyionic isotonic fluid.  Haematological examination revealed severe leukopenia with WBC count of 0.3×10³/µL, which was treated with administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (Filgrastim) at 5 mcg/kg subcutaneously along with supportive therapy. Dog showed elevated WBC count and improvement in clinical signs after 48 h. Administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor along with routine therapy enhanced the survivability in canine parvovirus gastroenteritis.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of decreased platelet and WBC counts on platelet aggregation as measured by a multiple-electrode impedance aggregometer in dogs. ANIMALS 24 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES From each dog, 9 mL of blood was collected into a 10-mL syringe that contained 1 mL of 4% sodium citrate solution to yield a 10-mL sample with a 1:9 citrate-to-blood ratio. Each sample was then divided into unmanipulated and manipulated aliquots with progressively depleted buffy-coat fractions such that 2 to 3 blood samples were evaluated per dog. The Hct for manipulated aliquots was adjusted with autologous plasma so that it was within 2% of the Hct for the unmanipulated aliquot for each dog. All samples were analyzed in duplicate with a multiple-electrode impedance aggregometer following the addition of ADP as a platelet agonist. The respective effects of platelet count, plateletcrit, Hct, and WBC count on platelet aggregation area under the curve (AUC), aggregation, and velocity were analyzed with linear mixed models. RESULTS WBC count was positively associated with platelet AUC, aggregation, and velocity; blood samples with leukopenia had a lower AUC, aggregation, and velocity than samples with WBC counts within the reference range. Platelet count, plateletcrit, and Hct did not have an independent effect on AUC, aggregation, or velocity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that WBC count was positively associated with platelet aggregation when ADP was used to activate canine blood samples for impedance aggregometry. That finding may be clinically relevant and needs to be confirmed by in vivo studies.

Objective: To evaluate onset of protection induced by modified-live virus (MLV) bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccine administered 7, 5, or 3 days before inoculation with type 1b BVDV (strain NY-1). Animals: 40 calves. Procedures: Calves were assigned to 4 groups: an unvaccinated control group or groups vaccinated with MLV vaccine containing BVDV types 1a and 2 at 7, 5, or 3 days, before inoculation with NY-1 BVDV. Blood samples were collected for leukocyte counts, serum virus neutralization, and virus isolation (VI); nasal swab specimens (NSSs) were obtained for VI, and rectal temperatures were monitored for 14 days after inoculation. Results: No significant differences in leukocyte counts or rectal temperatures were detected after BVDV inoculation in vaccinated calves. Vaccinated calves had reduced viremia and viral shedding after inoculation, compared with results for unvaccinated calves. On day 5 after inoculation, a higher proportion of calves vaccinated 3 days before inoculation had positive VI from NSSs, compared with NSS VI results for calves vaccinated 5 and 7 days before inoculation. Unvaccinated calves had leukopenia on days 3, 5, and 6 and had higher rectal temperatures on days 7 and 8 after inoculation, compared with temperatures before inoculation. All unvaccinated calves had ≥ 1 positive VI result from NSSs 3 to 11 days after inoculation, and 4 became viremic. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: MLV BVDV vaccine prevented fever, viremia, and leukopenia in calves challenge inoculated with NY-1 BVDV. A high proportion of calves vaccinated 3 days before inoculation shed BVDV after inoculation.

End toxin is responsible for different changes in body systems. This study was conducted to study hematological changes by using 20 rabbits, were randomly divided into 4 equal groups, then gave intravenous endotoxin doses 5, 15 and 20 µg/Kg body weight for groups I, II and III respectively, while group IV gave PBS as a control. The hematological findings included marked leukopenia due to neutropenia followed by marked leukocytosis with left shift associated with lymphocytosis, monocytosis and basophilia. Total erythrocytes, packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration were increased during first hour, while the following time showed gradual decrease to develop anemia, which manifested by macrocytic hypochromic, in relation to the increased mean corpuscular volume and decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Also thrombocytopenia, while the total plasma protein and fibrinogen showed pronounced increased due to endotoxemia

This report describes atypical chronic trypanosomosis in a three year male Spitz dog. Fever, lethargy and anorexia were the early presenting signs without any hemato-biochemical abnormality. Peripheral blood smear examination was non-diagnostic on three consecutive times. Trypanosma evansi was confirmed in the Leishman stained thin blood smears (moderate parasetemia) on fourth parasitological examination. Biochemical profile showed a remarkable elevation in total serum bilirubin (6.7 mg%) and activities of alanine amino transferase (ALT) (950 IU/L) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) (1050 IU/L) after a month. Anemia, leucopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia suggestive of bone marrow depression appeared by about 73 days of presentation of case. A rapid complete clinical recovery occurred within a week after treatment with quinapiramine sulphate and chloride combination @ 3.5mg/kg bwt. Hemoglobin, leucocyte and thrombocyte count improved within six days, however, liver enzyme activity normalized slowly over three months.

A 13-year-old, spayed, female Chihuahua dog was referred for evaluation of fever, lethargy, and dyspnea. Hematologic evaluation revealed severe neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and mild anemia. The dog had been undergoing phenobarbital therapy for the past 7 weeks because of generalized seizures due to meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology. After ruling out other possible causes of cytopenias, a tentative diagnosis was made of drug-induced blood cell dyscrasia. The neutropenia and thrombocytopenia resolved after discontinuation of phenobarbital (8 days and 15 days after discontinuation, respectively). This is the first case report in Korea to demonstrate blood dyscrasia associated with idiosyncratic adverse effects of phenobarbital.

Because certain inflammatory processes are dependent on the fatty acid composition of the cellular membrane, dietary manipulations that replace omega-6 fatty acids with omega-3 fatty acids may modify inflammatory responses. We investigated the effect of supplemental dietary linseed oil, containing the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid, on in vivo responses of horses to endotoxin. One group of horses (n = 6) was fed a control pelleted ration (0% linseed oil), and another group of horses (n = 6) was fed an 8% linseed oil pelleted ration. After 8 weeks of consuming these rations, all horses were given 0.03 microgram of Escherichia coli 055:B5 endotoxin/kg of body weight, infused over 30 minutes. Horses were monitored over 24 hours. Compared with baseline values within each ration group, endotoxin infusion caused significant (P < 0.05) increase in rectal temperature, heart rate, and plasma concentration of thromboxane B2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, and fibrinogen and significant (P < 0.05) decrease in total WBC count. Compared with baseline values within each ration group, endotoxin infusion failed to cause significant changes in prothrombin, activated partial thromboplastin, thrombin, or whole blood recalcification times, serum concentration of fibrin degradation products, PCV, or plasma total protein concentration. Before and after endotoxin infusion, horses given the linseed oil ration had longer mean whole blood recalcification time and activated partial thromboplastin time than did horses fed the control ration.