The present study aims to evaluate the effects of metformin in combination with vitamin B12 and folic acid on lipid profiles and serum homocysteine levels in male rabbits. The study included twenty-four male rabbits that weighed (1.5-2 kg), and were divided randomly into four groups (six rabbits/group). The control first group was administrated (5 ml) of distilled water; The second group was given metformin (125g/kg B.W) plus vitamin B12 (500 μg/kg B.W) daily, the third group was given metformin (125g/kg B.W) plus folic acid (5g/kg B.W) daily and the fourth group was given metformin (125g/kg B.W), folic acid (5g/kg B.W) and vitamin B12 (500 μg/kg B.W) daily, the rabbits were followed up for one month. The results revealed a decrease in the final body weight and body weight gain in all treated groups as compared to the control group.  The homocysteine parameter decreases significantly in the second group which was given metformin and B12 and the third group was given metformin in combination with folic acid as compared with the control group and group four. It showed a significant decrease in the fourth group (metformin + folic acid + vitamin B12) compared with the second and third groups also the glucose level increased significantly in group three compared to group second, fourth, and control group. The results showed that serum cholesterol and TG have decreased in G2 and G3 while an increase in G4 as compared with the control group, and the HDL was decreased in G2 and G4 compared with control and G3 groups. While the results of LDL and VLDL were increased in G3 and G4 compared with G2 and the control group

The study was done to evaluate the antioxidant effects of cinnamon and vitamin C in controlling hyperglycemia and their effect on lipid profile in male rabbits in comparison with the effects of insulin therapy and control animals. Twenty four diabetic rabbits by the injection of alloxan 100 mg/kg body weight in the marginal vein of the ear. These diabetic rabbits were divided randomly into 4 groups Number of animals in each group = 6: Group 1: Was given 2 I.U/ animal of insulin subcutaneously daily. Group 2: Was given ground cinnamon orally 300 mg/kg body weight dissolved in 5 ml normal saline daily. Group 3: Was given vitamin C orally 200 mg/kg body weight dissolved in 5 ml normal saline daily. Group 4: Received orally 5 ml normal saline (0.9% Nacl) daily and considered as control group. All animal groups were treated for five weeks. Blood samples were taken from these groups weekly for biochemical analysis to estimate: Blood glucose, Lipid profile (include total cholesterol (TC), triglyglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA). The results showed high glucose and lipid concentration associated with an increased oxidant stress alloxan induces on diabetic animals. The statistically analysis showed that a cinnamon and vitamin C significant (P< 0.05) reduction in glucose and lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL, LDL and VLDL) in concordance with a significant elevation in HDL (P

The present study aimed to assess some biochemical changes of oxidative stress in alloxaninduced diabetic rats with administration of lipoic acid. The experiment was carried out on 96 male rats. The group I (32 rats) was left as control (normal non-diabetic). Sixty-four rats were injected subcutaneously with alloxan (120 mg / kg.b.wt.) for induction of diabetes. Then it was divided into two equal groups, group II (diabetic without administration of lipoic acid) and group III (diabetic with administration of lipoic acid). Blood samples were collected from 8 rats of each group for separation of clear serum at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and the 4th week after administration for determination of glucose. Fresh liver and brain tissue samples (0.2 g) were collected from sacrificed rats and homogenized in ten volumes of (ice-cold phosphate saline pH: 7), then kept at –20 ?C for assay of malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and liver glycogen. The obtained data revealed that serum glucose level was significantly decreased in the 3rd group as compared with the diabetic one. Also there was a significant decrease of liver glycogen in the diabetic group as compared with the non-diabetic control group. Moreover, significant decrease of reduced glutathione in both liver and brain tissues in diabetic group as compared with control. Lipoic acid caused a significant elevation in liver reduced glutathione as compared with the diabetic group, but without effect on brain. There was a significant rise in malondialdehyde in liver and brain tissues of diabetic group as compared with control. On the other hand there was a significant decrease of malondialdehyde in liver and brain tissues of diabetic rats with lipoic acid as compared with diabetic rats throughout the experiment period. It could be concluded that significant increase of malondialdehyde together with the decrease of reduced glutathione in the diabetic group: indicated the oxidative stress of induced diabetes. Also the study revealed that lipoic acid exerted a powerful antioxidant effect and therefore the diabetics should be supplemented regularly with this vitamin.

Objectives: The study aimed to determine how Nano-Methionine (Nano-Meth) affected growth, lipid metabolism, and relative gene expression for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid syn¬thase (FAS), growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGFR-1), myo¬statin (MSTN), and cholecystokinin (CCK) genes in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into 2 groups: 1) the control group received drinking water without any supplements, and 2) the Nano-Meth group received 10 ml/l of 5% Nano-Meth starting from 1 day old until 35 days old (the end of the experiment). Results: Nano-Meth improved final body weight, weight gains, feed intake, and feed conver¬sion ratio. Compared to the control group, Nano-Meth significantly lowered the serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein in chickens. Nano-Meth significantly increased the serum levels of total protein, albumin, high-density lipo-protein, and glucose more than the control group. Nano-Meth lowered the mRNA gene expression of ACC, FAS, MSTN, and CCK but increased that of GHR and IGFR-1. Conclusions: We concluded that supplementation with Nano-Meth enhances growth performance and decreases lipid accumulation in broiler chickens. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(4.000): 743-753]

Objective: The papers primary goal is to report the devastating impact of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on rat testicular tissue and the possible protecting function of propolis against CCl4 based on its free radical scavenging and inflammatory relief properties. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 adult male albino rats had been classified into four groups (six rats/group). Rats of group 1 served as control, whereas groups 24 received propolis (200 mg/kg/day), CCl4 (3 ml/kg/day), and propolis/CCl4, respectively. After 4 weeks, the collected sera were applied for the estimation of lipid profile and sex hormones. Also, histopathological picture, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF&#945;) gene profile was measured in collected testicular tissues. Results: The present information revealed a noteworthy change (p &lt; 0.05) in lipid profile, decrease in testicular weight, testosterone, antioxidants values along with a prominent increase (p &lt; 0.05) in estradiol, lipid peroxidation values, and expression of TNF&#945; in rats administrated with CCl4 com¬pared to control. Moreover, the histopathological profile showed the degeneration of the epithe¬lium. Interestingly, propolis attenuated the destructive effect of CCl4 on rat testes. Conclusion: The examined dose of propolis reduced oxidation, and inflammatory reactions resulted from CCl4 exposure and proved that it might have a helpful part in free radicals inter¬ceded diseases. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(1.000): 70-77]

Objective: To investigate the effect of quail egg supplements enriched with marine macroalgae Eucheuma spinosum on body weight and physiological conditions of Sprague Dawley rats during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This study used a completely randomized experimental design. The test animals were 25 pregnant white rats aged 3 months and weighed ± 200 gm. Pregnant rats were divided into five treatments and five repetitions; each repetition contained one pregnant rat. T0: control treatment; T1: treatment group consuming quail eggs from quail fed commercial feed; T2: treatment group consuming quail eggs from quail fed with 3% E. spinosum; T3: treatment group consuming quail eggs from quail fed with 4% E. spinosum; T4: treatment group consuming quail eggs from quail fed with 5% E. spinosum. The parameters measured were egg proximate, egg iron, egg cholesterol, red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC), white blood cell (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM), neutrophils (NEUT), RBC distribution width (RDW), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results: The addition of E. spinosum into quail feed at concentrations of 3%, 4%, and 5% did not show statistically significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) in the proximate levels (water, ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrates) compared to the control. However, the analysis of iron in quail eggs indicated a significant increase (p &lt; 0.05) in comparison to the control treatment. In addition, the supplementation of E. spinosum in the quail feed resulted in significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.05) quail egg cholesterol levels when compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the supplementation of quail egg produced by quail fed with E. spinosum did not significantly affect the birth weight of the pups, RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, LYM, NEUT, RDW, PDW, MPV, MDA, and SOD when compared to the control treatment (p &gt; 0.05). Meanwhile, the mother weight, Hb, HCT, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and glucose levels significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) compared to the control. Conclusion: The administration of E. spinosum with concentrations of 3%, 4%, and 5% can increase iron levels and decrease cholesterol levels in quail eggs. The administration of quail egg supplements produced by quail-fed additional macroalgae E. spinosum can increase body weight, Hb, and HCT in pregnant rats. The addition of marine macroalgae with concentrations of 4% and 5% can decrease the levels of cholesterol, LDL, and glucose and increase serum HDL levels in pregnant rats. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(4.000): 1114-1121]