Objectives: The objective of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of allelic diversity to reveal population-genetic characteristics of animal breeds, namely Shami (SH), Holstein (HLS), and Aberdeen-Angus (A-A). Materials and Methods: The genetic materials of SH breed animals represented by wool with hair follicles were collected from 39 SH heads in Syria. Also, genetic materials of HLS breed of American selection (n = 55, HLS) and bulls and cows of A-A breed bred at breeding enterprises in Russia (n = 30, A-A) were collected. Genetic differences between the cattle groups were studied using 11 microsatellite markers. Results: The cattle breed in Syria was characterized by high genetic diversity, 107 alleles, while the average number of alleles per microsatellite locus was 9.23, which is significantly higher than that in the animals of HLS (6.18) and A-A (5.00). When analyzing the genetic equilibrium for indi¬vidual locus in SH breed, a deviation from equilibrium at four loci was revealed: TGLA227, SPS115, TGLA122, and ETH225; at one locus in HLS breed: SPS115, for A-A breed: at two loci, i.e., TGLA122 and ETH225. When assessing the level of genetic consolidation, a deficiency of heterozygotes was observed in two of the three studied breeds: 4.8% for SH and 8.0% for A-A. A slight excess of heterozygotes was found in the HLS breed at the level of 0.2%. The average comparative measure¬ment of genetic variation in different populations value for 11 loci for all breeds was 0.069, which indicates that 93.1% of the total variability is due to the intra-breed diversity, and only 6.9% is due to the differences between breeds. Conclusion: The analysis of the animals belonging to their breed has shown a 100% genetic con¬solidation and the compliance of individual animals with the respective breeds. The study of genetic distances, adjusted for small samples, revealed the smallest genetic distance between the SH breed and HLS breed, equaling 0.107. The A-A breed, which has its separate origin and has never been imported into the Syrian Arab Republic, adjoins this cluster as an independent branch. Microsatellites can be used as an essential criterion for assessing the population-genetic charac¬teristics of groups of cattle of various breeds (degree of polymorphism, level of heterozygosity, fixation indices, genetic group membership). [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(2.000): 339-345]

Malin sheep is the indigenous sheep breed of Malaysia and mainlykept for meat production. A total of 48 individuals from the National Institute of Veterinary Biodiversity (NIVB) in Jerantut,Pahang were used. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity in the Malin using microsatellite markers.Eleven microsatellite loci were successfully amplified in 48 Malin sheep. All loci were polymorphic. A total of 66 alleles were detected. The number of observed alleles per locus varied from 12 to 21, with mean observed number alleles per locus of15.18±4.58. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.0189±0.01 and 0.8989±0.01, respectively. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value was 0.8970±0.01, indicating that the used markers were highly informative and could be used in parentage identification. Tests of genotype frequencies for deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), at each locus revealed depature from HWE due to loss in heterozygotes by high levels of inbreeding. The average inbreeding value for the 11 markers investigated was0.9797±0.01 indicating a more homozygous nature of the population. This is the first report of microsatelitte based variations in Malin sheep breed and can be useful for development of a rational breeding strategy for genetic improvement of sheepin Malaysia which may benefit future conservation programmes.

This study was performed to investigate the possibility of superfecundation by surgical intrauterine artificial insemination in dogs of confirmed genetic pedigree. Artificial insemination was performed on 3 days after ovulation with 1.3×10∨8 spermatozoa. Five puppies were delivered on 60 days after insemination. The ratio of the number of newborns to the number of corpora lutea was 83.3% (5/6). Parentage analysis with 10 canine-specific microstatellite markers demonstrated that one puppy was genetically relative to the sire-A family and four puppies were genetically relative to the sire-B. The present study demonstrated that two kinds of puppies with different genetic pedigree can be produced by surgical uterine insemination of semen of individual dog into each uterine horn of a bitch.

The objective of present study was to ascertain genetic diversity for cattle parentage testing. A total of 59 random cattle samples(29 Korean native cattle and 30 dairy cows) were genotyped by using 11 microsatellite loci(BM1824, BM2113, ETH10, ETH225, EH3, INRA23, SPS115, TGLA122, TGLA227, TGLA53, and TGLA126). This method consisted of multiplexing PCR procedure and showed reasonable amplification of all PCR products. Genotyping was performed with an ABI 310 genetic analyzer.

To evaluate the genetic diversity of the Xinjiang Tarim red deer (Cervus elaphus yarkandensis) population, we analyzed the frequencies of microsatellite alleles. Samples were collected from 3 isolated populations in Xaya, Lopnur and Qarqan of Xinjiang. Although 10 microsatellite loci were examined, alleles of 133 to 190 base-pairs were detected for only 3 loci: BM5004, BM4208 and BM888.The average observed multilocus heterozygosity was 0.08 +- 0.04 for the Xaya, 0 for the Lopnur, and 0.17 +- 0.08 for the Qarqan population. The average heterozygosity of all populations was 0.08 +- 0.02. The observed heterozygosities were significantly lower than the expected values. The present results suggest that the bottleneck effect has occurred in the populations ofthe Xinjiang Tarim red deer.