In the pig enterprises of Belarus the most widespread sources of heat for pigs heating proved to be the infrared radiation lamps. In recent years there was stated the wide application of electric heated rugs of various designs or the electric heated floors. The special brooders, equipped with various sources of heat, passed the experimental check possibility of use for heating of pig houses. Their advantage was in decreasing of heat losses in the sleeping areas of pigs that demanded lower expenses of energy for heating of stores. However, till the present the effective brooder design, which could be convenient in use, cheap, easily sanitized and providing an optimum microclimate for piglets, was not offered for the production yet. Agricultural enterprise Kadehks has developed a design and the pre-production model of a warmed den for pigs under the name Logovo Dlya Porosyat UKhL-4 (Logovo). Application of brooder Logovo in combination with the warming plate made it possible to design more favorable mode for sleeping areas of pigs, to reduce preheating time of plates up to 10 days, to save (in comparison with incandescent lamps) up to 155 kw/h of electric power used for heating of pig sleeping area without decreasing their growth rate and safety. Application of the presented device in combination with heating plates made it possible to reduce the expenses for pig production and for the equipment of heating plates temperature regulators. Application of the differentiated heating mode with the possibility to deactivate the heating plates from the electric power sources after 10 days of the suckling period made it possible to lower the expenses for production of female socket of pigs

Comparative evaluation of the influence of cell-free probiotic preparation Laktimet and cellular probiotic Bifilak on productivity, livability, nonspecific response of suckling piglets in the early extrauterine life was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus.Application of both probiotics increased the productivity of suckling pigs, stimulated the processes of metabolism and natural protection of organism in the early postnatal period in the conditions of specialized pig breeding complexes. Research results showed, that application of brand new cell-free probiotic Laktimet exercised higher influence on suckling pigs. Application of Laktimet made it possibler to increase piglets body weight gain on 7,8%; piglet livability - on 6,7%; and application cellular probiotic preparation Bifilak - on 5,4% and 3,3%, respectively. The same tendency was noted during the analysis of indexes of cellular factors of organism protection. Bactericidal activity of blood serum of experimental animals changed both in connection with age, and under influence of probiotic preparations. During all studied periods the bactericidal activity of blood serum was authentically (P less than 0,05) above in experimental groups in comparison with a control group. At 20-days old piglets there was stated the strengthening of bactericidal activity of blood serum. Throughout all period of experiment the superiority of trial animals over control on indicators of lysozyme activity of blood serum was observed

Application of ethologic techniques in commercial swine production made it possible to take into account the specific features of pigs, to separate animals suitable and unsuitable for animal husbandry in the conditions of industrial production technology, as well as to solve many other problems connected with management, animal behaviour at farms and complexes, that could make it possible to obtain additional production without investing additional material resources. The behavioural trait of emotional stress resistance rendered the authentic positive impact on growth rate of piglets during the suckling period. Taking into consideration, that emotional stress resistance, as well as the temperament as a whole, remained invariable as long as life endures, it could be possible to recommended to use the analysed trait for the selection of young stock for self- replacement in the conditions of pig-breeding complexes, and for the selection of the most fast-growing animals with the simultaneous steady resistance to the emotional stress. In the process of replacement pigs selection it was inefficient to take into consideration only their live weight. Considering that the live weight of some piglets which were non-resistant to emotional stress, but with heavy litter, was high enough, however, as their temperament did not vary as long as life endures and emotional instability will necessarily manifest itself in the subsequent parent qualities of the future sows

As a result of the realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus research on revealing the influence of polymorphism character and the influence of presence of various allelomorphic variants of IGF-2 gene in breeding boars genotype on fattening and carcass traits of stores of Belarusian large white and Belarusian meat breeds it was established: 1. frequency of occurrence of desired QQ genotype among boars of the Belarusian meat breed was rather low and has made 10%. Among boars of the Belarus large white breed the given genotype has not been revealed. Heterozygotic genotype Qq had a rather wide range - from 26,6% at boars of the Belarusian meat breed to 43,2% at boars of the Belarusian large white breed; 2. fattening boars of both studied breeds which had been received from the boars bearing in their genome Qq genotypes of IGF-2gene showed the tendency for predominance in fattening and carcass traits over their herdmates which had been received from the boars bearing in their genome qq genotypes; 3. The posterity of boars of the Belarusian meat breed bearing in their genome the homozygous QQ genotype, authentically surpassed in fattening and carcass traits their analogues which had been obtained from fathers with a genotype qq. The following traits were higher: age of achievement of body weight; daily average weight gain in case of fattening; feed expenses per unit of live weight gain; slaughter yield; weight of a back third of half carcass. Research results showed, that IGF2gene (a gene of the insulin-like growth factor) could be a perspective candidate gene which makes it possible to predict the growing capacity and carcass trait of pigs of Belarusian breeds. Taking into consideration the influence undesired q allele, for the increasing of fattening and carcass traits of pigs it was possible to recommend the realization of estimation of replacement boar pigs using the data analysis of their genotype of IGF2 gene, as additional criterion of their selection

Studying of peculiar features of external conformation of replacement gilts used for the further closing stage of commercial cross breeding as well as for the further productivity of first litter gilts was realized in the conditions of a swine breeding stock-rearing farm of the Republic of Belarus. In the modern zootechnic classification it is reasonable to divide pigs into 3 constitutional types of their external appearance: leptosome, transitional, and oerisome. In the conditions of industrial engineering the replacement pigs and sows of transitive type in comparison with individuals oerisome and leptosome types were characterized by higher productivity: early terms of insemination (on 3,2 and 3,3 days, respectively); livability of stores at weaning stage (on 5,8 and 5%, respectively), higher litter size at weaning stage (on 7,1 and 6,3 kg), higher input share into the basic pig stock (on 4 and 6%), and a yield of a gross of body weight gain of litter at fattening with a view to farrow (on 8 and 10%). Piglets of the transitive type sows were characterized by the steadier parameters of metabolism in comparison with stores of leptosome type sows (there were less frequently encountered the disturbances of infringements of trace mineral and calcium and phosphoric metabolism). On the basis of the realized research there were developed the technical specifications of the Republic of Belarus 600039106.001-2004 Replacement gilts; Manual on appraisal of quality of pigs for repair of herd of a pig-breeding complex; the Technological instruction on herd repair of a pig-breeding complex; production schedules Normalization of reproductive function of replacement pigs in the conditions of a complex

In the conditions of application of enzyme preparations there is the possibility of inclusion into mixed fodders structure of such cheap fodder grains as rye. Determination of the optimal dose of introduction of the liquid enzymatic fodder additive (xylanase – 8800 units; phytase – 600 units; cellulose – 880 units; r-gluco – 4000 units; a- amylase – 200 units) and its influence on stores productivity during the completion of growing and fattening periods was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Research results showed the following: inclusion into mixed fodders of the increased amount of rye grain (without the enzyme additive) for stores feeding during the completion of growing (20%) and fattening (30%) periods did not render negative influence on experimental animals; the optimal dose of the trial enzyme for stores during the completion of growing period - (SK-21 including rye grain - 20%) was 200 ml per 1 t of mixed fodders; the optimal dose of the trial enzyme for stores during the fattening period (KDS-26 including rye -30%) was 150 ml per 1 t of mixed fodders. Application of the experimental fodder additive promoted the increasing live weight gain. There was noted the tendency of the positive influence of the analyzed enzyme on dry and organic matter, fat, dietary fibre and nitrogen-free extractive substances digestibility

The purpose of research is to study influence of fodder additive Water Trit liquid on dynamics of live weight, natural resistance and determination of an optimal dose for pigs on growing. Thanks to рН decrease of intestines contents and presence of organic acids the additive is applied for disease prevention. Presence of organic acids stimulates the development of useful Lactobacillus micro flora in intestines gleam. From the received data positive influence of the fodder additive on a gain of body weight is visible. In the beginning of experiment the difference in body weight of a control and a trial groups was insignificant and made from 9,2 kg to 9,4 kg in the experimental group, and 9,3 kg - in the control group. In the end of experiment the difference in body weight was essential: 28,6 kg, 30,5 kg, 29,5 kg in the trial groups and 28,05 kg in the control. After application of the fodder additive Water Trit liquid in the trial groups there were noted the raised daily average weight gains: on 2,6% in the second, on 13,4% (P less than 0,05) - in the third and on 8,5% - in the fourth group in relation to control group. For studying of the influence of the fodder additive on animal organism there was carried out the blood testing: phagocytosis, bactericidal activity of blood serum, lysozyme activity of blood serum. Indexes on phagocytal index at animal of the control and trial groups were in the beginning of experiment approximately at one level. At 45-day age the indexes in the second and fourth trial groups were above the control ones on 5,2% and 8,9%, respectively. By the end of the experiment the phagocytal index in all four groups changed insignificantly. At studying of lysozyme activity of blood serum at pigs the given research have shown, that at 30-day age the indexes in the third and fourth trial groups were above the control, and indexes in the first group were above the standard of the control. At 70-day age the highest lysozyme activity of blood serum was in the second trial group and has made +16,0% to the control. It is necessary to notice, that on the 70th day this indicator was above the control in all three trial groups

In animal feeding technology much attention is given to application of biologically active substances for metabolism stimulation. One of such biologically active substances is carnitine, an anabolic preparation of nonhormonal nature, cofactor in system of oxidation of fat acids. It participates in processes of acetylation at oxidation of fat acids together with acyl-CoA and other enzymes, promotes carrying over of cytoplasmatic Coa-derivatives of fat acids inside mitochondrions. It increases absorption speed from a digestive path of nutrients of forage, raises use of fat acids for the power purposes. Under its influence synthesis of triglycerides decreases and synthesis of phospho-lipids increases. Carnitine also protects cells against toxic accumulation of components of acyl-CoA of endogenic or exogenous origins, such as acylic groups of carnitine ethers which then can pass into liver for dissimilation or in kidneys for allocation in urine. Carnitine synthesis satisfies body requirements, but in the conditions of a hightened stress, high productivity, as well as in the conditions of lowered carnitine content in forage or in the conditions of the increased content of fats it should be applied as additive to diet. As a result of the realized study it was established, that the optimal quantity of carnitine application in diets for stores husbandry and fattening is dose of 50 g/t of mixed fodders. Application of carnitine in an optimum dose renders the positive impact on animal organism, promotes the increasing average daily weight gain on 5,1% (Р less than 0,001). Application of carnitine in diets of swine stores increases a slaughter yield on 2,1%, meat content per carcass - on 2,3%, a loin eye area - on 8,8%. Carnitine application in a dose 50 g/t of mixed fodders makes it possible to receive the additional profit at a rate of 4,57 USD per 1 head

In the Republic of Belarus the grain part of mixed fodders is basically formed by the following cereal cultures: wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), oat (Avena saliva) and triticale. Rye is applied in the limited quantity in pig feeding despite all its advantages: large areas of cultivation, stable yielding capacity, low requirements to growing conditions, possibility to obtain ecologically clean production, low prime cost of grain. Rye in swine diets forms viscous solutions which break digestion process, worsen their fixation and accordingly reduce animal weight gain. Also, it was determined that rye grain had high quantity of pentosans (non-starch polysaccharides) which suppress the overall digestibility and accessibility of proteins. One of the methods of decreasing the negative influence of anti-nutritional properties of rye on pig organism and improving its digestibility is the application of fodder enzyme additives. In course of the realized investigation there was analyzed the influence of foreign fodder additives on rye-containing (Sk-21 – 10% and SK-26 – 20%) diets in swine rations. The following enzyme additives were analyzed: Rovabio TM Excel (France); Finase TM (Germany); Avizyme and Porzyme 8100 TM (United Kingdom). Application of enzyme additives Avizyme, Rovabio and Finase in mixed fodders containing rye (SK-21 - 10% of rye) for pigs at the age of 50-107 days made it possible to increase live weight on 16,8-21,7% and lower expenses for forages (fodder units) per 1kg of weight gain on - 12,3-18,2%. Intensity of live weight gain from 50-day up to 190-days age was the following: in a control group -80,8 kg, in the first experimental group fed with Rovabio - 88,6 kg, in the second experimental group fed with Avizyme - 89,7 kg, in the third experimental group fed with Finase - 84,6 kg. Research results showed that enzymes Avizyme and Rovabio rendered the highest influence on mixed fodders containing rye (SK-21 - 10% of rye and SK-26 - 20% of rye)

Belarus is among regions, where the selenium content in soil, hence, in cereal and other cultures considerably below requirements that leads to insufficiency of this microelements in a diet as the person, and animals. Synthesized in the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Feeding of Agricultural Animals new organic compound of selenium - selenopyran on variety of criteria has no analogues in the world among considerable quantity selenium of containing preparations and favourably differs from all known forms of microelements. Selenopyran, brought in fats and forages, shows antioxidatic the properties which are not conceding traditionally applied in veterinary science and medicine to antioxidants. Arriving in animal body with forage or in the form of injections, selenopyran is capable to play a role of a metabolic regulator. It activates enzymes of antioxidatic body protection, reduces formation new and will neutralize of earlier formed activeproducts of peroxide lipids oxidations, improves functioning of cellular membranes, normalizes metabolism, makes active cellular, humoral and phagocytal immunity links, raises nonspecific resistance and efficiency of animals. Toxicity of selenopyran more low, than at all known organic connections of selenium, and more than in 100 times is less, than at sodium selenit. The data allow to expand possibilities of application of organic selenium and to use it as a preparation raising resistance and body viability at the expense of the patronage of cellular structures from influence of oxidizers and free radicals, to normalize metabolism and to stimulate thus the big additional body weight at animals. The influence of medicine organic selenium on piglet bodies what are behind a growth and development is shown. The results showing the dynamical changes of haematologicals, physiologicals and biochemicals indices under the influence of selenopyran was given.