Globally, genetically modified (GM) crops were grown on 191.7 million hectares in 2018, which were mostly sown with soybean, maize, cotton, oilseed rape, and rice. The most popular traits introduced through genetic modification include herbicide and pest insect resistance. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify genetically modified soybean used in animal feed in Poland. This research was based on the real-time PCR technique. All methods for GM soybean events were adopted from the EURL GMFF database of methods and previously verified to meet the minimum criteria of acceptance. Over 15 years of research, 665 samples were examined in total. The most common GM soybean event was MON40-3-2, tested for from the beginning of the investigation. Next, in decreasing order of frequency, were MON89788, MON87701, and A2704-12. In the majority of samples (606; 91%) GM soybeans were identified at a content level above the 0.9% GM content threshold for mandatory labelling. Only 59 soybean samples (9%) were identified as GM negative. GM negative results were mainly identified during the analyses in the last three years of the study, from 2017 to 2019. Our data clearly indicate that the majority of soybean used in Poland for animal feeding was genetically modified.

In a case-control study of risk factors associated with an episode of nosocomial Salmonella krefeld infection in dogs at the veterinary medical teaching hospital, data on 20 case dogs and 75 control dogs were obtained by review of hospital records. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were carried out for possible risk factors for infection to obtain odds of Salmonella krefeld isolation, given exposure to each risk factor of interest. Compared with control dogs, case dogs were 11.9 times more likely to have been fed rice, 7 times more likely to have had radiography done, 10.2 times more likely to have been a resident in ward 2, 5.6 times more likely to have been given antimicrobial agents orally, 11.3 times more likely to have been given antimicrobial agents parenterally, and 37.9 times more likely to have been given antimicrobial agents orally and parenterally (P less than 0.05).