Effects of temperature and storage time on canine bone-transfixation pin specimens were tested by comparing pin pull-out forces. A total of 16 femurs from 8 mature dogs were tested. Five nonthreaded Steinmann pins were placed through both cortices in the diaphysis of each femur. The femurs were then sectioned transversely between each pin, with a bonepin specimen placed evenly into each of 5 groups prior to biomechanical testing. Four bone-pin specimen groups were stored at -20 or -70 C for 14 or 28 days, while 1 specimen group was immediately tested. Pull-out forces for frozen groups were compared with pull-out forces for the fresh group. Using two-way ANOVA, there was no statistical difference in mean axial-extraction forces among bonepin specimen in any of the tested groups. It is concluded that acute pin pull-out forces are not significantly affected by freezing temperature or time. However, specimens stored at -20 C for as few as 14 days had a trend for increased pull-out forces, compared with freshly harvested specimens. Therefore, the authors recommend storage of bone-pin specimens at -70 C when possible.

The changes of acid-base status in vitro of the venous blood for 24 hrs in ten Korean native goats were investigated. The acid-base parameters were measured within ten minutes after collection of the blood, and every hour during the first six hours and finally after twenty-four hours of storage. Blood samples were stored at two different temperatures (0-4 deg C and 21-24 deg C). Twelve goats were induced acute acid-base disturbances by intravenous infusion of either hydrochloric acid or sodium bicarbonate and inhalated with CO2 gas mixture (20% C02, 80% O2) or hyperventilation were performed by means of respirator.

This study was conducted to determine the optimum storage temperature for Rinderpest vaccine prepared on vero cells to know the shelf life of the vaccine. The vials were randomly selected from one batch of the vaccine, titrated and stored at minus 20 degree centigrade (Freezer), 4 degree centigrade (refrigerator) and room temperature. The titre was found to be 105.1 per ml. The vials stored at minus 20 degree centigrade & 4 degree centigrade were subjected to titration after an interval of six months for 3 and 2 years respectively. The vials stored at room temperature were tested after 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks. Titration results indicated that the titre of the vaccine vials stored at room temperature decreased by 100.9 101.2 and 101.6 after storage time of 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks respectively. The vials stored at 4 degree centigrade maintained their titre for a period of six months but after that the loss in titre was 100.4, 101.0, and 102.4 after storage time of one, one and half and two 2 years respectively. The vaccine vials stored at minus 20 degree centigrade maintained their original titres (initial titre of the vaccine) even after the storage for three years. It is concluded that vero cell adapted Rinderpest virus vaccine can be stored at 4 degree centigrade for a period of six months, however, at 20 degree centigrade it can be stored for three years without any adverse effect on titre.

Objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of low environmental temperature on the experimentally induced inflammatory response in post-metamorphic Rana catesbeiana (bullfrogs). To accomplish these goals, 120 specimens of Rana catesbeiana were kept at 6ºC and 24ºC, and treated by transfixion of thigh muscular tissue with a 5-0 suture or IM carrageenan injection. Results obtained through qualitative and quantitative evaluations showed that the lower environmental temperature significantly modulates the inflammatory process development. The animals in both models that were kept at 6ºC showed a significantly lower number of inflammatory cells in the lesion site than the one verified at 24ºC, apart from the evolution time. On the other hand, any factor related to the host mechanism of defense ought not to be blocked by the temperature, since the area of reaction to the injury showed to be equivalent in most of the studied time. | O presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a modulação exercida pela temperatura ambiental sobre a cinética celular inflamatória experimentalmente induzida em Rana catesbeiana, rã-touro gigante. Para tanto, 120 espécimes pós-metamórficos foram mantidos a 6ºC e 24ºC e tratados pela transfixação do tecido muscular da coxa por fio de sutura ou injeção intramuscular de carragenina. Os resultados obtidos através de avaliações qualitativa e quantitativa do foco lesional mostraram que a baixa temperatura ambiental modula significativamente a evolução do processo inflamatório. Animais mantidos a 6ºC, em ambos os modelos, apresentaram números de células inflamatórias significativamente menores que os verificados a 24ºC, independentemente do tempo de avaliação. Por outro lado, algum fator pertencente aos mecanismos de defesa do hospedeiro não deve ter sido bloqueado pela temperatura, visto que a área de reação à injúria mostrou-se equivalente na maioria dos tempos pesquisados.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a modulação exercida pela temperatura ambiental sobre a cinética celular inflamatória experimentalmente induzida em Rana catesbeiana, rã-touro gigante. Para tanto, 120 espécimes pós-metamórficos foram mantidos a 6ºC e 24ºC e tratados pela transfixação do tecido muscular da coxa por fio de sutura ou injeção intramuscular de carragenina. Os resultados obtidos através de avaliações qualitativa e quantitativa do foco lesional mostraram que a baixa temperatura ambiental modula significativamente a evolução do processo inflamatório. Animais mantidos a 6ºC, em ambos os modelos, apresentaram números de células inflamatórias significativamente menores que os verificados a 24ºC, independentemente do tempo de avaliação. Por outro lado, algum fator pertencente aos mecanismos de defesa do hospedeiro não deve ter sido bloqueado pela temperatura, visto que a área de reação à injúria mostrou-se equivalente na maioria dos tempos pesquisados.