An experiment was conducted to compare the bioavailability of dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate (TA) with that of dl-alpha-tocopherol nicotinate (TN) when administered to sheep, as a single dose, either into the rumen or the peritoneal cavity. A total of 16 sheep were used in a factorial design, with 4 sheep/treatment at the interaction level. In addition, 5 sheep that received no supplemental alpha-tocopherol, were euthanatized at the end of the trial to provide baseline data for tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations. Curves were fitted to the plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration values, taken over 180 hours after administration of the esters. Availability of TA was greater than TN, as evidenced by the significantly higher curve parameter values (P < 0.05) and tissue concentrations (P < 0.05). Route of administration had a marked effect on availability of TA (P < 0.001), but not of TN.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of vitamin E on the prevention and treatment of Babesia gibsoni. fifteen mongrel dogs, uninfected with Babesia spp, were assigned to three groups according to vitamin E(alpha-tocopherol) concentrations in the RBC. The concentrations in each of the three groups were, respectively : alpha-tocopherol in RBC less than 30 micro gram/micro liter(Group I), 30 micro gram/micro liter-60 micro gram/micro liter(Group II), more than 60 micro gram/micro liter(Group III). Artificial infection was accomplished by injecting 2*10 7-2*10 8 erythrocyte of Babesia gibsoni-infected dog into the cephalic vein. We investigated the clinical sighs, vitamin E concentrations in RBC and serum, Vitamin A concentrations in serum, hematological values, white blood cell(WBC) viability and RBC membrane osmotic fragility after infection of Bavesia gibsoni for a period of 20 days at 5 day intervals. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. After infection by Babesia gibsoni, clinical examination revealed depression, anorexia, pale mucous membranes, dark brown urine and diarrhea in proportion as time went on. After 10 days of infection, one dog each of Groups I, II and III revealed depression and anorexia. Two dogs in Group I and one dog each of Groups II and III showed dark brown urine after 15 days. Diarrhea was observed in one dog in each of the 3 groups after 20 days of infection. 2. After 5 days of infection, two dogs in each of Groups I, II and III showed Babesia gibsoni in RBC of blood smear stained with Giemsa. At the 15th day after infection with Babesia gibsoni, they were observed in all experimental animals. After both 5 days and 10 days of infection, the rate of Babesia gibsoni parasitized RBC(permillage, %) was 1%, and increased as time went on. 3. After 5 days of infection by Babesia gibsoni, Group I, which had the lowest vitamin E concentration, showed significantly decreased RBC and PCV levels(p0.01). Group II and group III also showed significantly decreased RBC and PCV levels after 15 days of infection(p0.05). particularly after 10 days of infection, Group I showed lower values in RBC and PCV levels compared to Groups II and III. WBC, RBC, fibrinogen and total protein levels between the groups did not differ during experimental periods. 4. According to the WBC differential counts, the ratios of neutrophil to lymphocyte showed a tendency to be slightly higher in Group III(more than 60 micro gram/micro liter) than in Groups I and II. 5. WBC viability did not differ between the groups. 6. RBC membrane osmotic fragility did not differ between the groups.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was determined the productivity and foraging advantages of fodder galega (Galega officinalis) in comparison with the traditional perennial leguminous grasses (alfalfa (Medicago sativa); alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum); cookshead (Onobrychis viceaefolia)) and influence of the analyzed crop of state and internal microbiota of agricultural animals. There was studied the qualitative structure of galega in accordance with the phases of crop development and its influence on physiological functions of animals. It is established, that in the conditions of northern region of Belarus the fodder galega provided the yielding capacity of dry matter of 11,3 t/ha that exceeded the indices of alfalfa on 13,9%, alsike clover - in 2,7 times and cookshead - in 2,1 times. By the third decade of May it formed 18-20 tons green mass that made it possible to feed animals on 10-15 days earlier, than with other leguminous grasses. High degree of leafage (65,7%) preconditioned its high nutritional value. Fodder galega has high level of calcium, potassium, phosphorus and some microelements: copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt. Studying of vitamin value of fodder galega showed that its green mass was vitamin-rich, had enough of irreplaceable amino acids. It was established, that hay of fodder galega had high level of the non-decomposed protein (68,6-71%) that was very important for feeding of highly productive cows. It increased the level of crude protein in experimental animals on 8%.

Investigation of vitamin supply of cattle affected by fascioles in association with strongylatosis of gastro-intestinal tract was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus by an example of white-and-black 3-8 year old cows. Analysis of blood and blood serum of experimental animals showed that content of B1, B2, and E vitamins was lower in group of animals sick with fascioliasis and strongylatosis of gastro-intestinal tract. There were stated no changes in A and C vitamins content. Content of pyroracemic acid exceeded control indexes and was 22,0 +/- 0,173 mg/l. Content of vitamin A did not change and was 0,011 +/- 0,0012 mg/l for sick animals and 0,013 +/- 0,0043 mg/l at healthy animals. Content of vitamin C was different for sick and healthy animals: 1,685 +/- 0,190 mg/l and 1,93 +/- 0,294 mg/l, respectively. Research results proved that treatment of cattle sick with helminth infestation should be realized in complex. It was proposed to apply premixes and vitamin preparations containing B1, B2, as well as A, E, and C vitamins for the increasing of natural protection and for the creation of unfavourable conditions for disease agents

Morphological indexes in immune system organs of piglets which were vaccinated which were immunized by SPS vaccine (against salmonellosis (Salmonella), pasteurellosis (Pasteurella) and streptococcus) in combination with immunostimulative drugs and without them were studied in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Piglets of the first group were vaccinated against salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and streptoccocusis by SPS vaccine. Piglets of the second group were vaccinated by SPS vaccine in combination with vitamin C. Piglets of the third group were vaccinated by SPS vaccine with immunotstimulant sodium thiosulphate. The fourth (control) group of animals was administrated with normal saline. Animals were immunized twice, intramuscularly with 7 day interval and in dose 4 ml (primary), 5 ml (secondary). Vitamin С was added in dose 0,05g per head. Research results showed that immunization by SPS vaccine with sodium thiosulphate and Vitamin С activated the morphological reaction of immune system. Application of Vitamin С and sodium thiosulphate (30% concentration) in combination with SPS vaccine promoted the increasing of lymphoid nudels in lymphodnudus and lien, increasing of plasma cells quantity in 1,3-2,2 times, activation of micro- and macrophage reaction in 1,5-2,8 times in comparison with vaccinated animals

Determination of the influence of new premixes on sperm quality and natural resistance of sire bulls during winter and summer periods was realized in the conditions of the republic of Belarus. Application of the developed vitamin and mineral additive in rations of sire bulls in course of winter and summer periods made it possible to increase their natural resistance, that was proved by the 7,2-8,8% increasing of the bactericidal activity of blood serum indicators, 0,6% increasing of lysozymic activity of blood serum, and 3,3-5,1% increasing of the phagocytic ability of leukocytes. There was determined the possibility to increase sire bull sperm quality during different year periods by means of application of the enhanced doses of vitamins and trace elements. As a result, the ejaculate volume increased on 7,4-2,4%, concentration of male germ cells in ejaculate on - 6,3-7,8%, sperm activity - on 6,7-7,3%, and also there was stated the decrease of spoilage percent of sperm production. Results of the industrial testing have confirmed efficiency of use of the recommended vitamin and mineral additive and calculated on its basis premixes. Its application made it possible to increase the quality of bull of sperm production on 3,6-10,8%

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized a comparative estimation of efficiency of the increased level of phosphorus, calcium, copper, zinc, cobalt, iodine and vitamins A and D in comparison with regulations of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the Soviet Union (1985) and the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2003) for pregnant cows in a dry period at summer feeding. Also, there was studied the digestibility of nutritive substances of forages in cow diets, as well as the evaluation of their after-effect on revelation of dairy productivity indexes in the subsequent two months of lactation, biochemical blood indexes and payment of forage byproducts. As a result of application of moderately increasing levels of macro- and trace elements, vitamin D, and phosphorus in particular on 10,0% in comparison with 15,0% and existing level in rations of pregnant cows there was stated a slight decreasing of pregnancy duration of animals on 0,10 day. Also, there was marked an increasing of milk yield of milk with 4% fat content on 1,64% and 4,48%, the growth and development of calves in the prophylactic period on 4,18 and 4,61%,; and the was an improvement of organic substance digestibility on 1,52 and 1,78%. Besides, there was revealed more moderate number of leukocytes and content of crude protein.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was determined the efficiency of application of different levels of vitamins and trace elements in feeding of servicing bulls. In course of the study there was analyzed the influence of different levels of supply of servicing bulls with vitamins A, D, E and trace elements (copper; zinc; manganese; iron; cobalt; selenium) on their reproductive ability. On the basis of the experiment there was calculated the economic efficiency of application of the developed vitamin and mineral additive. Research results showed that application of the developed protein and mineral additive in diets of servicing bulls in winter and summer periods made it possible to increase the ejaculate volume on 7,4% and 12,4% (P less than 0,05), sperm activity on 6,7 % (P less than 0,05) and 7,3% (P less than 0,01), concentration of spermium in ejaculate on 6,3% and 7,8% (P less than 0,05). Also, it promoted the lowering of percentage of defective sperm doses.

Investigation of histological structures of liver of fattening broiler chickens after application of concentrate of E and F vitamins produced on the basis of rapeseed oil was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in order to evaluate their efficiency for prophylaxis of massive hepatic necrosis. Research results showed that application of the vitamins on the basis of rapeseed oil promoted the support of structural properties of hepatic cells that proved their higher antioxidant efficiency in comparison with synthetic vitamin analogues

Determination of influence of combined feed with carnitine and 3% lipids on digestibility of nutrients in ration of fattening stores was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus by an example of 8 castrated male pigs of Belarusian meaty breed with body weight of 60-65 kg. Piglets were divided into 2 groups in accordance with analogue pair principle. Selected animals were kept in single cages specially equipped for fecal and urina gathering. Both groups of animals were given the same combined feed SK-26 which included 3% lipids. Experimental piglets were fed with combined feed with carnitine in dose of 50 g/t of mixed fodder. The mixed fodder contained the following ingredients: wheat; triticale; grain mixture; sunflower oil cakes; liprot SG; tricalcium phosphate; calcium carbonate; salt; premix KS-4; vegetable oil. Research results showed that enriching of combined feed carnitine rendered positive influence on digestibility and absorbency of nutrients. It made it possible to increase the digestibility of dry matter on 2,1%, organic matter on 2,0%, crude protein on 3,1%, crude fat on 7,4%, crude fiber on 8,6%, free-nitrogen extract on 1,1%, as well as to increase nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus absorbency. Quantity of saved nitrogen in the experimental group (with carnitine additive) was on 21,1% than in control one. Quantity of saved nitrogen and absorbed with feed was on 9,8% and 5,6% respectively higher than the same indexes for the control group; calcium - on 15,5% and 2,6%, phosphorus - on 23,3% and 3,7%, respectively