Neste trabalho investigou-se a cinética das alterações vasculares e celulares na peritonite induzida pela carragenina (500 mcg) em Gallus gallus e o efeito do pré-tratamento com dexametasona (0,5; 1,0 ou 2,0 mg/kg), indometacina (2,0; 4,0 ou 8,0 mg/kg), ou piroxicam (20,0; 40,0 ou 80,0 mg/kg), administrados por via oral, 30 minutos antes do estímulo lesivo. Observou-se que os máximos aumento de permeabilidade vascular e acúmulo de leucócitos ocorreram 150 min. e 4 h, após a aplicação do irritante, respectivamente. Os leucócitos polimorfonucleares foram o tipo celular predominante no exsudato após 2 e 4 h, equilibraram-se com as mononucleares após 24 h, predominando o último tipo celular após 48 h. O maior acúmulo de células polimorfo e mononucleares ocorreu após 4 h e 24 h, respectivamente. O pré-tratamento com indometacina ou piroxicam inibiu significativamente (p<0,05) o aumento de permeabilidade vascular mas não o acúmulo de leucócitos, 150 min. e 4 h após o estímulo lesivo, respectivamente. A dexametasona foi efetiva em reduzir significativamente (p<0,05) ambos os componentes. Os resultados sugerem que os eicosanóides participem ativamente dos fenômenos vasculares mas são de pouca relevância na quimiotaxia de leucócitos no processo inflamatório agudo induzido pela carragenina cm Gallus gallus. Os achados indicam que quando o efeito de drogas antiinflamatórias é considerado, como no presente trabalho, o aumento de permeabilidade vascular e a migração celular são fenômenos independentes. | The kinetic of vascular and cellular alterations in the carrageenin-induced peritonitis was investigated (500 mcg) in Gallus gallus and the effect of the pre-treatment with dexamethasone (0.5; 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg), indomethacin (2.0; 4.0 or 8.0 mg/kg), pyroxiean (20.0; 40.0 or 80.0 mg/kg), given by oral route 30 minutes before the inflammatory stimulus. It was observed that the highest increase in both vascular permeability and leucocyte accumulation ocurred respectively 150 minutes and 4 hours after the carrageenin injection. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were the predominant cell type in the exudate obtained 2 and 4 hours after the stimulus. An equilibriun between polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells was observed with 24 hours of inflammation and the latter cell type was predominant after 48 hours. The pre-treatment with indomethacin and pyroxiean significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the vascular permeability increase but not the leukocytes counts. Dexamethasone was significantly reduced both vascular permeability increase and leukocyte accumulation. These results suggest that eicosanoids have a role in the vascular permeability increase but it is less relevant in the leuchocyte chemotaxis in carrageenin-induced acute inflammation in fowls. The vascular permeability increase and cellular migration are independent phenomena when the effect of antiinflammatory drugs are concerned.

Foram medidos os diâmetros bi-ilíaco superior (dorsal), bi-ilíaco inferior (ventral) e vertical da pelve em 273 fêmeas de bovinos da raça Guzerá (Bos indicus), bem como testadas suas eventuais correlações com a idade, altura, comprimento, perímetro torácico e peso do animal. As avaliações foram feitas in vivo com o auxílio do aparelho preconizado por MENISSIER; VISSAC (1971). No cômputo geral foram obtidas as seguintes médias: diâmetro bi-ilíaco superior, 14,55cm; diâmetro bi-ilíaco inferior, 13,39cm e diâmetro vertical, 18.60cm; tendo o teste de correlação entre o valor dos diâmetros e outras mensurações bem como a variação dos diâmetros bi-ilíacos, superior e inferior, indicado interdependência. | There were measured the main diameters (the dorsal and ventral bi-iliac and the vertical) in 273 Guzera females (Bos indicus), to observe its eventual correlation with age, height, lenght, thoracic perimeter and weight of the animal. The measures were made in vivo with the help of a Menissier and Vissac pelvimeter. On the whole there were obtained the following medias: dorsal bi-iliac diameter, 14.55cm; ventral bi-iliac diameter, 13.39cm; vertical diameter, 18.60cm. The statistical analyses had showed correlation between the diameter scores and the other body mensurations.

Estudamos a ramificação e a distribuição da artéria celíaca em 19 cutias (Dasyprocta aguti, Rodentia) adultas (5 machos e 14 fêmeas), procedentes do Estado do Piauí, Brasil. Injetamos látex, do tipo Neoprene 650 corado, na porção abdominal da aorta de cada animal, os quais foram fixados cm solução aquosa de formol a 10%. Nossos resultados mostraram que a artéria celíaca termina por trifurcação (73,7% ± 10,1) nas artérias esplênica, gástrica esquerda e hepática ou por bifurcação (26,3% ± 10,1). A artéria esplênica emite vários ramos para o baço1 a 7 e continua-se como artéria gastroepiplóica esquerda. A artéria hepática dá origem à artéria gástrica direita, gastroepiplóica direita e pancreaticoduodenal cranial. A artéria gástrica esquerda destina-se à pequena curvatura e parte proventricular do estômago. | The branches and distribution of the coeliac artery were studied in 19 adult specimens (5 males and 14 females) of “Cutias” (Dasyprocta aguti, Rodentia) captured in the State of Piaui, Brazil. After anesthesia and prior to dissection, Neoprene-latex 650 was injected through the abdominal portion of the aorta. The results showed that the coeliac artery was found with 2 (26.3%) or 3 (73.7%) terminal branches: splenic, left gastric and hepatic arteries. The splenic artery, after giving several branches to the spleen (1 to 7), sends one (the left gastroepiploic artery) to the stomach. The hepatic artery gives off the right gastric, right gastroepiploic and cranial pancreaticoduodenal arteries. The left gastric artery sends branches to the stomach (lesser curvature and proventricular part).

Amostras de sangue periférico foram obtidas de cinco primatas Cebus apella (macaco prego), antes e após exposição aos raios X corpo inteiro, na dose única de 25,8 mC/kg (100R). Parte das amostras foi utilizada para a contagem global de cariosquizes e o restante para a realização de extensões sanguíneas e submetidas à coloração de Wright c aos seguintes métodos citoquímicos: ácido periódico Schiff (PAS) para a identificação de glicogênio, Sudan black B para a detecção de fosfolipídios e o-toluidina-água oxigenada para a demonstração da mieloperoxidase. Com o método de Wright foram observadas aos 1, 3 e 6 dias após exposição à radiação, alterações nucleares e citoplasmáticas. Após aplicação dos métodos citoquímicos acima referidos, foram observados, de modo geral, nos mesmos períodos de tempo após irradiação: alteração no padrão de distribuição dos grânulos de glicogênio, grânulos mieloperoxidase positivos e sudanófilos de neutrófilos. No que diz respeito a cariosquizes, constatou-se um aumento dos mesmos após 1 dia, persistindo até o 3º. dia após irradiação. Noventa dias após, não foi observada nenhuma alteração acima referida. | The effects of ionizing radiation on the neutrophils of Primate Cebus apella were studied after whole-body x-radiation to a single exposure of 25.8 mC/kg (100R), Wright's stained preparations showed changes in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of neutrophils at 1, 3 and 6 days after irradiation. During this period of time, the cytochemical methods revealed a considerable variation in the pattern of distribution of glycogen, sudanophilic and myeloperoxidase positive granules. Under these same experimental conditions the number of caryoschizes increased on the first and third day. On the ninetieth day post exposure, the morphological and cytochemical appearances of neutrophils as well as the number of caryoschizes were similar to the controls.

Os antígenos K99-F41 foram extraídos da amostra de Escherichia coli B41 por aquecimento e semi-purificados pela precipitação com sulfato de amônio e tratamento com desoxicolato de sódio (DOC). Os antígenos semi-purificados foram utilizados na produção de uma vacina oleosa contra a colibacilose bovina. Foram preparadas vacinas contendo em cada dose 1.500 HU (Unidades Hemaglutinantes), 750 HU e 380 HU. A eficiência da vacina foi avaliada através do ensaio de imunodifusão dupla, ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) e por um desafio, em que a amostra de Escherichia coli virulenta foi inoculada nos bezerros nascidos de vacas vacinadas e não vacinadas. Observamos que a vacina contendo 750 HU foi a que melhor induziu a produção de anticorpos nas vacas vacinadas, e que estes mostraram-se protetores, uma vez que os bezerros nascidos de vacas vacinadas e que mamaram o colostro, nada sofreram no desafio. Não se verificou nenhum efeito colateral nas vacas vacinadas. | The K99 and F41 fimbrial antigens were extracted from Escherichia coli B41 strain by heating, and semi-purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and treatment with sodium desoxicolate (DOC). The semi-purified antigens K99 and F4I were used to prepare an oil emulsified vaccine against bovine colibacillosis. The vaccine was made up containing in each dose 1,500, 750 or 380 HU (Haemagglutinating Units). The test of the vaccine efficiency was measured by gel immunodiffusion and ELISA test. Challenge of calves from vaccinated and control cows was carried out with the virulent Escherichia coli B4I. Our findings suggested that 750 HU vaccine, induces better production of anti-K99-F4l antibodies in vaccinated cows, and the transference of these antibodies to calves through the colostrum, gave full protection to challenge. Furthermore no adverse effects were observed in any of the vaccinated cows.

Os autores relatam caso de oftalmopatia de diagnóstico e descrição raros por tratar-se de animal silvestre (Agouti paca). Referem-se à ocorrência de ceratite do tipo ulcerativa, com apresentação e sinais clássicos, em um exemplar adulto, fêmea, proveniente do Criadouro de Animais Silvestres da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal-UNESP, examinado junto ao Serviço de Oftalmologia do Hospital Veterinário da referida entidade. | The authors described a case of ocular disease of rare diagnosis and description, in an agouti (Agouti paca). It is a casuistic case of ulcerative keratitis with manifestation of classical signals, in one adult female coming from the Animal Section of the Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Vcterinarias dc Jaboticabal-UNESP, that had been examined at the Ophthalmology Service of the Veterinary Hospital of the same school.

Cento e onze períodos de gestação, em éguas Puro Sangue de Corrida, foram diagnosticados com ultra-som 14 dias após a última cobertura e sua evolução acompanhada até completar 50 dias. O crescimento, as alterações de forma da vesícula embrionária, a visualização do embrião e outros parâmetros a serem levados em consideração por ocasião da avaliação do desenvolvimento da gestação são aqui relatados. | In this paper, one hundred and eleven gestational periods in thoroughbred mares were diagnosed by the ultrasound technique 14 days after the last mating and followed up to 50 days. The increase in size, changes in the shape of the embryonic vesicle the embryo observation and other parameters of importance for the correct evaluation of the gestacional status are described.

O método da eletroejaculação foi utilizado em chinchila através de eletrodo introduzido a 3 cm no reto do animal, obtendo-se os melhores resultados com uma série de 9 choques de 12,5 mA, 6 choques de 25,0 mA e 19 choques de 50,0 mA. O sêmen obtido nestas condições foi considerado de boa qualidade, comportando-se satisfatoriamente tanto no processo de congelamento, quanto no descongelamento. | Semen collection in Chinchilla was attained through electroejaculation with an electrode inserted 3cm deep in the rectum, utilizing a series of 9 shocks of 12.5 mA, 6 shocks of 25.0 mA and 19 shocks of 50.0 mA. Material obtained was considered of good quality, both for freezing and thawing.

Effects of dietary ochratoxin A (OA) and T-2 toxin, fed singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Thirty-six barrows (3 replicates of 3 for each of 4 treatment groups, mean body weight, 18.0 kg) were fed: 0 mg of OA and 0 mg of T-2/kg of feed (control); 2.5 mg of OA/kg of feed; 8.0 mg of T-2/kg of feed; or 2.5 mg of OA plus 8.0 mg of T-2/kg of feed for 30 days. Production performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, immunologic, and pathologic evaluations were made. Body weight and body weight gain were decreased by all toxin treatments, but the combination toxin treatment reduced weight gain more than did either of the toxins administered singly and could be considered additive. Liver weight was decreased by combination treatment, whereas kidney weight was increased by OA treatment. Ochratoxin decreased serum cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase values; reduced mean cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, and macrophage phagocytosis; and increased creatinine and total protein values. Consumption of T-2 toxin reduced hemoglobin and serum alkaline phosphatase values. The combination treatment decreased serum cholesterol, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, mean cell volume, hematocrit, and hemoglobin values, as well as lymphoblastogenesis and phagocytosis, and increased serum nine concentration. We concluded that OA and T-2, singly or in combination, can affect clinical performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, and immunologic values, and organ weights of growing barrows. Although some analytes were affected more by the combination than by either toxin alone, the interactions could best be described as additive, not synergistic.

Effects of differential ventilation on gas exchange were studied in 7 isoflurane-anesthetized, laterally recumbent horses, and were compared with effects of conventional ventilation, using similar minute volume. A tracheal tube-in-tube intubation technique allowed each lung to be connected separately to an anesthetic circle system with a ventilator. Two distribution patterns of tidal volume were investigated; half the tidal volume was distributed to each lung and two-thirds the tidal volume was distributed to the dependent lung. Effects of the combination of these patterns with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 10 and 20 cm of H20 to the dependent lung were investigated. Differential ventilation maintained PaCO2, but significantly increased PaO2, from 180 to 270 mm of Hg (+44%) and decreased shunt perfusion from 22 to 19% (-15%), regardless of the distribution pattern used. Mean airway pressure was lower than the value detected during conventional ventilation. The combination of differential ventilation with selective PEEP was followed by a decrease in PaCO2 and further increase of PaO2 and decrease of shunt, which were similar for both distribution patterns. Effects of PEEP of 20 cm of H2O were more pronounced than those of PEEP of 10 cm of H2O. Owing to the combined effects of differential ventilation and selective PEEP, PaO2 increased to 399 mm of Hg and shunt decreased to 15%. This represents increase of 112% and decrease of 33% respectively, compared with values for conventional ventilation. Mean airway pressure increased maximally to 23 cm of H2O, which was 11 cm of H2O greater than the value for conventional ventilation. During differential ventilation, alveolar dead space in the dependent lung became greater than that in the nondependent lung and maximum was 39%. There were no significant changes in arterial blood pressure. Beneficial effects on gas exchange can be explained by improved matching of ventilation and perfusion, possibly attributable to reopening of previously dosed units in the dependent lung.