Sixty fishes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were obtained from the farm of Marine Science Center, University of Basrah. These fishes were divided into six groups (10 fishes/20 liters aquaria). One of these groups was injected intraperitoneally (I.P.) with an isolate of non-hemolytic Streptococcus at a concentration of 1 X 104 CFU/ ml. The other two groups were inoculated with 2.5 X 107 CFU/ ml of the same isolate via water pollution, one with and the other without skin abrasion. The other three groups were left as control and the experimental period was 35 days. The mortality rate was 100% in the I.P. inoculated group during the first week of the experiment, while nil in the other groups. The most important clinical signs of I.P. inoculated fishes were corneal opacity, erratic swimming, hemorrhage on the body surface especially in the base of fins. The other groups did not show any signs. Postmortem examination revealed general pathological changes of septicemia. Hemorrhage in the peritoneum, liver, kidney, gills, intestine, heart and brain of affected fishes. The kidneys were moderately swollen, enlarged spleen, pale liver as well as inflammation was noticed around kidney, heart and eye. Hyperplasia and necrosis of gills have been seen. Ascetic was also seen, while internal examination of other groups which were inoculated by aquarium with and without skin abrasion as well as their control groups did not reveal any obvious postmortem changes during the experiment. Microscopic examination revealed edema and inflammation of brain, eye exhibited hemorrhage and inflammatory cells infiltration, thickening of epithelial tissue of gills followed by necrosis and sloughing of these tissues. Degeneration and inflammation of myocytes and cardiocytes. Hydropic and fatty degeneration, congestion, hemorrhage and necrosis of hepatic cells. Glomerulonephritis and. depletion of hemopoitic tissue in kidney

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding raw garlic in the diets on certain hematological and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Total of (40) birds (one day old) were used for this study. The birds divided randomly and equally into (4) treatment groups which fed on one of the following for 56 days: group (1) was fed on 10% raw garlic with basal diet, group (2) was fed on 5% raw garlic with basal diet, group (3) fed on basal diet and antibiotic (Ampicillin) which was added to the drinking water and group (4) fed on basal diet only (control group) The results showed that there were no significant alteration in PCV and RBCs in the group which fed on 10% raw garlic compared with the control one, however these group showed significant (p

This study was designed on to show the effect of albendazol and mebendazol alon and their combination on surviral , development and size of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolicies of (10 mg/ml) intraperitoneal in mice. The study show that the mebendazol and combination drugs were greater than the albendzol during on the first four days nor effect on the five day in vivo intraperitoneal administration of combination drugs were greater than albendazol and mebendazol alone on the development and size of cysts which about (5.2±2.17) , (7.0±1.0) , (10.0±3.16) for the development and (1.13±0.38) , (1.18±0.54) , (1.20±0.49) for the ysts size.

Lactobacillus salivarus has been studied extensively as a probiotic in human . However the ability of an organism to survive passage through the intestinal tract and exert beneficial effects can not be directly extrapolated between species. This study evaluated the ability of L.salivarus to survive gastrointestinal transit in dogs and assessed whether oral administration of L.salivarus is safe in order to determine whether studies evaluating the efficacy of L.salivarus in the treatment of canine disease are indicated. Dogs were divided into 5 groups receiving doses of 0 (control group n=8),1 109 (group 1, n=8), 1 1010 ( group2 ,n=8) , 5 1010 (group3, n=8) and 5 1011 (group 4,n=8) colony forming unite per day orally for 5 days. L.salivarus was detected in the feces of 3/8 dogs in group 1 and 2, 4/8 dogs in group 3; 8/8 dogs in group 4 and 0/8 dogs in control group. Fecal colonization was significantly greater in group 4 than in any other groups (P> 0.01). Differences between groups 1,2 and 3 were not significant. No adverse effects were noted. Fecal colonization of L.salivarus in dogs is somewhat variable; however clinical studies are indicated to evaluated this organism in the treatment and prevention of canine disease.

A study was conducted on 65 clinical cases of upward fixation of patella of she buffaloes treated during the last years(2000 - 2006). The occurrence of the disease with respect to species and season were documented Buffaloes suffering from jerky movement during flexion to complete immobilization of the joint. Since the animal fixes its( limb in extension ) while the patella glides up over the trochela. All Buffaloes were affected with upward fixation of the patella in one back leg. After medial patellar desmotomy, buffaloes become health sound and returned in stride normal. The purpose of this study was to treat and report for the first in literature of upward fixation in buffaloes in Basra provinces. Alternatively tying the animals to a wheel of a bullock cart also resulted in good control of animals under field conditions.

Horne goat of the north mountains of Iraq (Kurdistan

The object of this study was to investigate the effect of xylazine administration at dose of (0.05 mg/kg BW) intravenously in late pregnancy of buffaloes and cattle. Under xylazine as sedation and analgesia, accompanied with local anesthesia, rumenatomy were implemented on three hundred seventy two buffaloes and sixty four cattle. Eighty two and thirty five of these buffaloes and cattle were in late pregnancy respectively. The results of this study revealed that xylazine did not effect the buffaloes in late stage of pregnancy, but it cause abortion in late pregnancy in cattle at a percentage of 3.65%. Also there was individual variation of response to xylazine in both buffaloes and cattle. The latter appeared to be more sensitive to xylazine than buffaloes

The research include the study of the effect of lead in the form of lead nitrate on some hematological parameters (Hb concentration, total WBC count , differential WBC count) and liver enzymes, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) or (ALT) and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) or (AST) levels during the acute and chronic exposure in experimental mice , the research performed by feeding the mice to two different concentration of lead nitrate 50 ppm/kg and 100 ppm/kg for two exposure periods the acute (10days) and chronic (20 days) . the results showed that the lead in 50 ppm/kg con. in chronic period showed much less decrease in hemoglobin concentration, neutrophils percentage ( 6.9 g/100ml , 12.25% respectively) than in the acute period (9 g/100ml , 18.5% respectively) and an increase in total WBCs count, basophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes percentage (5.01×103,2.25% , 4% and 65.25% respectively) much than in the acute period( 3.11×103 , 0.75% , 0.75% , 63.25% respectively) , AST level increase significantly in the acute period of 100 ppm/kg exposure where as ALT level increase significantly in the acute period of 50 ppm/kg exposure , we also found that females were more hematologically affected with lead compared with males while the AST and ALT levels were high in males than females for both periods .

This study was conducted to evaluate the role of vaccination trial of sheep with different types of hydatid cyst antigens (hydatid cyst fluid, protoscolecses and laminated layer ).in the prevention and control of hydatid cyst infection .The animals in all groups received Echinococcus granulosus egg as challenge after the third injection of antigens . Serum antibody responded of vaccinated animals with different antigens studied during the period of study , the results revealed that ,the titer of antibodydepend on indirect heamagglutination test after 21 days and 6 months were 640 and 320 respectively when hydatid cyst fluid antigen was used Also it was 320 and 160 respectively when protoscolisces and laminated layer antigen was used . The animals observed over a year after vaccination and the observation show reduction in the hydatid cyst growth in the vaccinated groups, whears the control group show growth of small cyst in the liver and lung.

This work was carried out in four selected provinces in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt to investigate the possibility of existence of different types of enteric parasites infect 2-5 years old sheep and estimate the rate of improvement in some of its productive parameters post eradication of these parasites in relation to each parasitic infection. The study cleared that gasterointestinal bursated nematodes (Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Ostertagia spp., Nematodirus spp. and Cooperia spp.) and Fasciola are the most common parasites infecting sheep (57.44% & 48.44% respectively), this was followed by Paramphistopmum infection (38.88%), Moniezia spp. (33.11%), different types of Eimeria spp. (29%) and finally Trichuris spp (7%). Fecal culture of positive samples demonstrate presence of five types of nematode larvae include Haemonchus spp. larvae (33.75%), Oestertagia spp. (31.5%), Trichostrongylus (11.75%), Cooperia spp. (14.5%) and Nematodirus spp. (8.5%). Using of ivermectin for treatement of GIN, Nitroxynil for treatment of Fasciola, and oxyclozanide for treatment of Paramphistomum species infection, induce marked decrease in the mean number of different eggs per gram (e.p.g.) of faeces associated with improvement in mean body weight gain (5.71 Kg) and rate of lambing (26.77) after 6 months post treatment. High rate of improvement post treatment was recorded in animals originally free from Fasciolia infection, also and that harboring low e.p.g. than animals of high e.p.g. Finally it was evident that high rate of improvement was cleared in animals less than 4 years old in comparison by that over 4 years old