Objective: Microfilariae parasites are common in tropical regions, and some species are reported as potentially zoonotic. The diagnosis of filarial infection in dogs by cytology or hematologic techniques showed lower sensibility and specificity, which may result in misdiagnosis. Thus, molecular techniques seem to be an alternative to identifying and detecting microfilariae infections. On the other hand, lymphoma is one of the main tumors in domestic animals, with a high prevalence in domestic canines. This study aims to report a mixed infection with microfilariae in a dog with lymphoma, emphasizing its diagnosis and the possible role of this infection in the development of the neoplasia. Materials and Methods: An 8-year-old male mixed breed dog was referred to consultation due to the presence of lethargy, recumbency, skin ulceration lesions, nonspecific pain manifestations, emesis, myoclonus in the left temporalis muscle, and seizures. Routine blood and biochemistry tests were normal, and cytology of the skin evidenced a microfilariae infection. The dog died due to a cardiorespiratory arrest, and tissue sampling was done for histopathology and molecular analysis at the necropsy examination. Results: Skin lesions were related to a microfilarial pyogranuloma related to Acanthocheilonema reconditum. Histopathology of the spleen and liver revealed a diffuse lymphoma composed of blast cells and large lymphocytes, distributed diffusely in the parenchyma and surrounding the vasculature. In the skin, microfilariae were seen in some superficial capillaries. Conclusion: This study describes a microfilariae mixed infection with A. reconditum and Dirofilaria immitis in a dog with a lymphoma and its molecular detection. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first report of a mixed microfilariae infection in a tumor of a dog and highlights the use of molecular techniques, i.e., polymerase chain reaction, for an accurate diagnosis. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 10(3): 484–489, September 2023 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2023.j701

Objective: The study is aimed to understand the antibacterial sensitivity of native and Indian varieties of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) crude extracts against multidrug-resistant (MDR) poultry pathogen (Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.). Materials and Methods: Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is used to identify the target spices’ bioactive antibacterial compounds. MDR E. coli and Salmonella sp. were isolated from poultry. The TLC-Bioautography technique was applied to explore the antibacterial potentiality of garlic and ginger. Results: Inhibitory activities of garlic were Zone of inhibition (ZI) = 14.03 ± 0.15 mm and 19.70 ± 0.36 mm, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.625 and 0.325 mg/ml, and ginger were ZI = 14.63 ± 0.30 mm and 11.56 ± 0.51mm, MIC: 9.0 mg/ml against E. coli and Salmonella sp., respectively. Two bands of garlic (Rf value = 0.31 and 0.50) and one band of ginger (Rf value = 0.71) showed inhibitory potential in TLC-Bioautography against both MDR isolates. Conclusion: Garlic and ginger were effective against MDR E. coli and Salmonella sp. These spices could be a suitable alternative during the antibiotic void. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 10(2): 151–156, June 2023 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2023.j664

Objective: This research was designed to assess the influence of the administration of a lithogenic diet, hydrogen peroxide, and vitamin AD3E on rabbits’ gallstone formation and to envisage the expression of osteopontin (OPN) in their hepatic tissues. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four healthy local mature rabbits of both genders were divided into four equal groups. At the end of the feeding period, samples of blood were taken from all rabbits after they had fasted overnight to estimate the serum lipid profile. And some of the hepatic tissue has been preserved at −28°C for molecular analysis and gene expression. Results: The gallstones were formed 100% in the GIII and 50% in the GIV. The mRNA OPN expression showed a significant increase in the GIII when compared with other groups. In Groups III and II, the serum levels of total cholesterol, Triglyceride, L-C, low-density lipoprotein-choles, and VLDL-C were significantly increased when compared with GI, while in GIII, the serum level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was significantly decreased when compared with GI. Conclusion: It was concluded that the expression of the mRNA OPN was increased in the hepatic tissue of gallstone-formed rabbits. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 10(2): 301–307, June 2023 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2023.j682

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the impacts of the wide range of concentrations of glucose and trehalose on the tris-citric acid-egg yolk-fructose (TCEF) extenders for cryopreservation of goat semen. Materials and Methods: The sperm sample was pooled, washed, and diluted in control (TCEF without glucose and trehalose), TCEF + glucose (75, 150, 450, and 900 mm), and TCEF + trehalose (75, 150, 450, and 900 mm). After equilibrations, the semen straws were frozen under LN2 in the LN2 tank. After LN2 storage, the straws were thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds. The sperm parameters of all study groups were checked after equilibration and freezing. Results: After equilibration, the progressive motility (PM), total motility (TM), and viability of sperm in G-75, G-150, G-450, T-75, T-150, and T-450 were not significantly different (p < 0.05) from those in control. After cryopreservation and thawing, the PM, TM, and plasma membrane integrity (PMI) of T-150 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in control, G-75, G-900, T-75, and T-900. The viability of sperm in T-150 was substantially higher (p < 0.05) than in the control, whereas there was no significant difference among the control, G-75, G-900, T-75, and T-900. However, the acrosome integrity (AI) of sperm in G-900 was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared to the control, G-75, G-150, G-450, T-75, T-150, and T-450. Conclusion: According to the findings, the supplementation of 150 mm trehalose in the TCEF diluent was more efficient for sperm cryopreservation in the buck as reflected by PM, TM, viability, PMI, and AI. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 10(2): 169–177, June 2023 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2023.j666

Objective: This study aimed to validate the analytical precision of the Accutrend® Plus portable electronic equipment (PE) to determine glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) in rats and dogs using the conventional laboratory method (CM) as a reference. Materials and Methods: To determine the analytical accuracy of the Accutrend® Plus in the measurement of GLU, CT, and TG. The EP-9-A2 guide (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute), Bland-Altman graphical analysis, and Lin’s correlation coefficient of concordance (CCC) were implemented. Results: The average differences (p > 0.05) between PE and CM for GLU, TC, and TG were 2.21, 1.20, and 0.72 mg·dl−1, respectively, in rats and 1.06, 4.30, and 2.41 mg·dl−1, respectively, in dogs (p > 0.05). Both methods showed a linear relationship with Pearson’s correlation coefficients > 0.96 and R2 > 0.97 for the three biochemical indicators evaluated in both species. The GLU, TC, and TG values obtained by the PE were substantial, as evident from Lin’s CCC > 0.96. Conclusion: The PE Accutrend® Plus is potent for monitoring GLU, TC, and TG in rats and dogs because of its precision and ability to facilitate measurement by reducing stress in animals during sampling. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 10(1): 57–63, March 2023 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2023.j652

Objective: This study aimed to examine the diversity of phenotypic characteristics of female Alabio ducks (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo) and their eggs in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 18-month-old ducks and 300 eggs were selected using a survey method with multistage random sampling. These samples were obtained from two districts in the province of South Kalimantan [Banjar (BJ) districts and Tanah Laut (TL)]. The observed data were analyzed descriptively with variations using the independent t-test for each location. Principal component analysis (PCA) was deployed to assess the overall variance and define variables with greater discriminatory power between individuals. Results: The observations on the body’s physical characteristics and the eggs of Alabio ducks showed significant differences between ducks from BJ and TL areas (p < 0.05) except for yolk diameter, albumen height, albumen index, and Haugh unit (HU) (p > 0.05). Most egg quality traits from BJ were greater than those from TL, which include egg weight, egg length, egg width, yolk weight, albumen weight, shell weight, shell thickness, and egg shape index. The PCA revealed medium-to high communalities in the phenotypic body characteristics of Alabio ducks and their eggs. Conclusion: Significant physical characteristics and egg quality differences were found between the two locations, except for the albumen index and HU, with substantial variability within each trait. These traits could explain the total variation in the phenotypic characteristics of female Alabio ducks.  J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 10(2): 249–256, June 2023 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2023.j676

Objective: The feeding effects of DoLa (a combination of Dayak onion extract and probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus) on hematological indices and lymphoid organs as indicators of broiler health status were evaluated in the present study. Materials and Methods: 192 1-day-old unsexed broilers of the CP 707 strain with a body weight of 46.43 ± 1.65 gm were randomly divided into 4 dietary treatments with 6 replications. The dietary treatments applied were basal diet (BD) as a control with a code of DoLa0, BD + 0.1% DoLa (DoLa1), BD + 0.2% DoLa (DoLa2), and BD + 0.3% DoLa (DoLa3). The parameters monitored included hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), heterophile (H), lymphocyte (L), white blood cell (WBC), heterophile-lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, the lymphoid organs (bursa Fabricius,spleen, and thymus) relative weight, as well as carcass weight. Results: The results indicated a significant improvement in WBC, L, and carcass weight (p < 0.05) as the feeding level of DoLa increased while the H and H/L ratio decreased. However, the dietary inclusion of DoLa did not affect the lymphoid organs’ relative weight, RBC, and Hb concentrations. Conclusion: The mixture at 0.3% significantly improved health status through the indicators of hematological indices, lymphoid organs, and carcass weight of broilers.  J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 10(2): 269–274, June 2023 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2023.j678

Objective: Camel mastitis is indeed a serious problem that can have significant impacts on animal health and production as well as pose a potential public health hazard. This work aimed to identify the bacterial species responsible for camel mastitis and evaluate the associated immunological and clinicopathological alterations in infected camels. Materials and Methods: Raw milk and blood samples were collected from 40 apparently healthy she-camels, and 40 she-camels suffered from clinical mastitis (CMG). Milk samples were subjected to bacteriological examination. Serum immunological, biochemical, and hematological parameters were estimated and statistically analyzed. Results: Similar bacterial species were obtained from the two groups with different isolation rates. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli were the dominant species in the apparently healthy group, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus were the dominant species in CMG. A significant (p < 0.05) elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins (APPs), free radicals, total protein, Glob, kidney and liver function tests, and triglyceride concentrations were detected in CMG, and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the anti-inflammatory cytokine, antioxidants, Alb, glucose, and T/LDL/HDL-cholesterol concentrations was observed in CMG. Microcytic hypochromic anemia with hypoferremia, hypotransferrinemia, hyperferritinemia, and neutrophilic leukocytosis was depicted in CMG. The estimated pro-inflammatory cytokines, APPs, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) yielded high sensitivity and specificity, but the highest likelihood ratio wasfor TAC, fibrinogen (Fb), and ferritin, and the highest percentages of increase were for IL-1α and IL-1β. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of hygienic preventive measures to control camel mastitis and the importance of supportive treatment to reverse the hemato-biochemical and iron profile changes that result from the immune response in mastitic she-camels. TAC, Fb, ferritin, IL-1α, and IL-1β are good biomarkers for camel mastitis. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 10(2): 284–291, July 2023 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2023.j680

Objective: This research investigated secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) flax extract effects on apoptosis, hedgehog (Hh), autophagy, and the anti-oxidation process in experimentally induced obesity. Materials and Methods: Forty rats were separated into two sets regarding either receiving a normal balanced diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) and then distributed into four groups: GI: The control group had a regular diet for 12 weeks. GII: animals received a high-fat meal and saline by gastric gavage. GIII: HFD obese rats treated with SDG extract orally (10 mg/kg/b.w.) and 1.18 mg SDG/kg in the diet for 4 weeks GIV: Normal balanced diet rats received SDG extract orally (10 mg/kg/b.w.) and 1.18 mg SDG/kg of chow for 12 weeks in addition to their regular balanced diet. Results: The administration of SDG extract exhibited a significant drop in body weight, glucose, lipid profile, and leptin compared to the obese group. It also improved the antioxidant levels (lowering the levels of malondialdehyde while increasing the total antioxidant capacity) and anti-inflammatory status (decreasing interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). SDG extract downregulates the expression of HH genes (protein patched homolog 1, Hh-interacting protein, glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1, and smoothened receptor) in conjunction with the modulation of autophagy genes and apoptotic proteins. Conclusion: SDG extract showed improved anti-inflammatory and antioxidant status and downregulated the expression of HH genes while modulating autophagy genes and apoptotic proteins among obese rats, suggesting that it may be used to avert and manage obesity and its correlated complications by modulating oxidation, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Advanced future research on the SDG autophagy pathway to address obesity and its complications is mandatory. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 10(2): 321–335, June 2023 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2023.j684

Objective: This study examines the effect of fermented milk containing the probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici BK01 on cholesterol and intestinal microbiota. Materials and Methods: 24 male rats weighing an average of 200 gm each spent 1 week in a cage adapting to their new environment. They were fed standard feed daily and were allowed to drink ad libitum. For 3 weeks, rats were divided into four groups (doses of fermented milk): M+ (control), M1 (0.35 ml), M2 (0.70 ml), and M3 (1.05 ml). The analysis includes bodyweight determination, serum biochemical analysis, and intestine microbiota analysis. Results: The results indicated that while P. acidilactici BK01 fermented milk did not affect body weight or high-density lipoprotein, it did have a beneficial effect on total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Additionally, treatment of fermented milk with P. acidilactici BK01 has been shown to increase the total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the intestine, as indicated by changes in the intestinal villi. Conclusion: Administering fermented milk (P. acidilactici BK01, 1.05 ml) can reduce total serum cholesterol and increase the number of LAB in intestinal villi in experimental animals, so it has the potential to be a probiotic. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 10(1): 64–71, March 2023 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2023.j653