Objective: This study aims to analyze and map existing research literature on peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) to identify research hotspots, knowledge gaps, and future directions. PPRV causes peste des petits ruminants (PPRs) disease, leading to significant impacts on small ruminants through high mortality rates and trade limitations. Eradication programs are led by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Organization for Animal Health. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the Scopus database using keywords related to PPRV and PPR, covering the period from 1990 to 2023. Validation methods were employed to verify the search strategy's accuracy. Data analysis focused on identifying temporal evolution, geographical distribution, key contributors, sources, research hotspots, and gaps, which were visualized using maps. Results: The study identified 478 research documents from 1,834 authors, with most being research articles (91.0%). A significant increase in publications was observed from 1990 to 2023, peaking in 2019 and 2021. India led with 112 articles, followed by the UK (79) and China (71). Top research institutions included the Indian Veterinary Research Institute and the Pirbright Institute in the UK. Major contributors like S. Parida and V. Balamurugan formed dense international col¬laboration networks. Key journals included "Transboundary and Emerging Diseases" and "Journal of Virological Methods." Conclusion: This study reveals an increased global scientific production on PPRV, driven by international collaboration. However, research gaps remain, particularly from North African and Middle Eastern countries. Priorities include vaccine development, vaccination campaigns, veteri¬nary capacity building, and enhanced reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction implemen¬tation. Insights from ths study can guide policymakers, funders, and researchers in prioritizing resources and strategies to eradicate PPRV, ensuring sustainable livestock health and economic stability. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 90-98]

Objective: This study aimed to identify Casein Alpha S1 (CSN1S1) gene polymorphism as a biomarker selection for improving the milk quality of Indonesian local PE cross-dairy goats. Materials and Methods: The study utilized 65 does to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the target base fragment g.10094 gm.10200 of the CSN1S1 gene. Milk components (MCs) were analyzed using lactoscan and SNPs were identified using Sanger sequencing. Allele and genotype frequencies of the SNPs were determined by MEGA10 and PopGen32 programs. A general linear model was applied to examine the association between each SNP and the content (%) or daily yield (gm/day) of each of the MCs. Results: Eight SNPs were identified, with seven exhibiting dominant homozygous genotype references with genotype frequencies ranging from 0.77 to 0.95. SNP g.10098_C > G significantly affected (p < 0.05) the daily yield (gm/day) of MCs, but not for TS. The CC does, compared to the GC ones, produce higher yields (gm/day) of protein, fat, lactose, and SNF by 36.2%–39.8%. SNP g.10181_T > A had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the content (%) of all MCs. The AT does, over the AA and TT ones, yield higher MCs by 3.63%–13.07% and 1.85%–10.68%, respectively. Conclusion: The findings suggest that SNP g.10098_C > G and g.10181_T > A of the CSN1S1 gene may serve as potential biomarkers for selective breeding to enhance milk quality in the local PE cross-dairy goats. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 222-230]

Objective: The objectives of this study are to measure the body weight (BW) and morphometric parameters of Napu buffaloes, identify the growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene polymorphisms, and associate them with the BW and morphometric parameters of Napu buffaloes. Materials and Methods: This study used 39 Napu buffaloes (9 males and 30 females). Morphometric measurements were performed using a measuring tape. The GH and IGF-1 gene diversity analysis was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and direct sequencing techniques. Results: The results showed that there is diversity in BW and body size of Napu buffaloes due to the influence of age and sex. The results of PCR-RFLP analysis of the GH|AluI gene showed 0% VV, 100% LL, and 0% VL genotypes. While the IGF-1|SnaBI gene shows the genotype AA 0%, BB 100%, and AB 0%. The sequencing results of the GH and IGF-1 genes in Napu buffaloes did not find mutations. Conclusion: Age and sex in Napu buffaloes may affect BW and body size. The GH and IGF-1 genes in Napu buffaloes are monomorphic, so no association can be made with the morphometric parameters of Napu buffaloes. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 205-213]

Objectives: The rise of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy milk products is a global concern, compromising treatment efficacy and highlighting the need for innovative solutions. Therefore, a study was conducted to isolate S. aureus strains (N = 21) from raw milk samples of cows infected with subclinical bovine mastitis. Additionally, the resistance of these strains against 12 different antibiotics was examined. Materials and Methods: Sixty raw cow milk samples, 20 from each of three separate dairy farms in Lahore city, were collected and screened for the presence of S. aureus. It was discovered that 70% of these milk samples were contaminated with this bacterium, indicating a widespread presence across the farms. Different isolation tests were employed in this study, including gram staining, capsule staining, catalase, mannitol salt fermentation, DNase, coagulase, and oxidase. Results: The obtained results revealed that the isolated strains of S. aureus showed % of their resistance against different antibiotics in the order of amoxicillin (85%), penicillin (71%), gentamicin (CN) (42%), carbenicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (33%), streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, and oxytetracycline (28%), cefotaxime (10%), and chloramphenicol (4%) in decreasing order, respectively. However, these strains showed no resistance against Bacitracin and Ampicillin. Conclusion: The existence of resistant strains of S. aureus has been attributed to various factors, such as poor milk hygiene, delayed milk transportation, subclinical bovine mastitis among dairy cows, and antibiotic-resistant genes. Thus, our present study will provide useful information about the resistant strains of S. aureus, which may transfer through cows into milk and then produce serious food-borne diseases in human beings. This study will be helpful to improve and control the quality of dairy products in Pakistan. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 252-259]

Objective: The goal of this study is to describe the genome of Streptococcus agalactiae that was found in clinical mastitis in cattle in Bangladesh. This work will show how strong the bacteria are and how important they are for public health. Materials and Methods: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform, followed by comprehensive analysis with various bioinformatic tools to identify key genomic features. Results: WGS revealed that the isolates are closely related, belonging to sequence type ST4, a rare type previously identified in both human and animal hosts. The isolates possess 44 viru-lence-related genes linked to adherence, capsule biogenesis, enzyme production, immunoreac-tive antigens, protease, and cytolysin production. They also carry two pilus islands (PIs), PI-1 and PI-2b, which are often associated with invasive diseases. PI-2b proteins are key targets for vaccine development against Group B Streptococcus (GBS). The isolates belong to serotype Ia and carry the gbs2018-2 variant, indicating their adaptability to a wide range of hosts, including humans and animals. These virulence factors are critical for understanding S. agalactiae's pathogenicity and developing vaccines against its infections. Additionally, the isolates harbor antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to glycopeptides (vanT, vanY), macrolides (mreA), peptides (mprF), penicillins and β-lactams (pbp), and aminoglycosides. Source tracking via the BacWGSTdb website identified these isolates as closely related to human pathogens, indicating their zoonotic potential. Conclusion: These results suggest that S. agalactiae could be a zoonotic pathogen. This highlights the need for ongoing genomic surveillance to fully understand how it causes disease and come up with effective ways to control it. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 80-89]

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of varying glucose and trehalose concentrations on tris-citric acid-egg yolk-fructose (TCEF) diluents for the short-term cold storage of goat semen. Materials and Methods: The semen sample was collected, unwashed, and divided into the following groups: control (TCEF without glucose and trehalose), TCEF + glucose (75, 150 mm), and TCEF + trehalose (75, 150 mm). Each experimental sperm group (sperm concentration: 9×107/ ml) was kept at 4°C in a refrigerator. The impact of varying glucose and trehalose levels on the quality of the spermatozoa was assessed at different time points: after dilution and at 5, 24, 48, and 72 h of refrigeration. Results: After dilution, progressive motility (PM), total motility (TM), sperm viability (SV), functional integrity (FI), and acrosome integrity of G-75, G-150, T-75, and T-150 did not differ significantly from the control. The PM, TM, SV, FI, and acrosome integrity of sperm of T-150 were considerably lower than the control, G-75, G-150, and T-75 after 5 and 24 h of cool storage. The T-75 group showed superior PM, TM, and FI after 48 h of cool storage, with noticeably greater values than the other groups. Conclusion: This study indicates that trehalose is a more favorable sugar than glucose for 48 h cool storage of buck semen, providing greater advantages in PM, TM, and PMI. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 287-296]

Objectives: This study investigates the effects of 2 mT static magnetic field (SMF) exposure for 1 h on the expression of Stim1 and Itpr3 genes in hepatic cells of obese mice. By examining these critical regulators of calcium (Ca2+) signaling and cellular metabolism, the research aims to elucidate the role of SMF in modulating molecular pathways essential for Ca2+ homeostasis and metabolic regulation in the context of obesity. Materials and Methods: Liver samples were obtained from C57BL/6J mice and preserved in RNALater. The samples were divided into two main groups: the control group, which received a standard diet, and the obese group, which was exposed to a high-fat diet. Furthermore, the obese group was stratified based on the duration of SMF exposure, including intervals of 0, 2, 7, 14, and 21 days (1 h per day with an intensity of Bmax = 2 mT). Statistical tests were conducted with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The research findings highlighted a noteworthy increase in the relative expression of Stim1 and Itpr3 among obese mice exposed to SMF for 7 days (obe7) and those exposed for 14 days (obe14) in comparison to the obese group without SMF exposure. Both the obe7 and obe14 groups exhibited no significant difference in relative Stim1 expression when compared to the non-obese group. However, in terms of Itpr3 expression, the obe14 group did not show a significant difference from the non-obese mouse group. The results of the correlation analysis unveiled a substantial and robust correlation between the relative expression of Stim1 and Itpr3 (r = 0.627, p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest a potential link between SMF exposure, the expression of Ca2+ regulatory genes, and the intricate pathways involved in obesity-related molecular responses. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 231-237]

Objective: This study aimed to identify the impact of variations in solvent polarity on the solu-bility of secondary metabolite compounds, which were correlated as antioxidant and antibacte-rial agents for Escherichia coli (ATCC 11725), Salmonella sp. (ATCC 22504), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 11526), and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 11626). Materials and Methods: A total of 500 gm of Temulawak flour (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) was macerated gradually using the step gradient polarity (SGP) technique, where the solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) used had different levels of polarity. The extracting process of secondary metabolite components of Temulawak flour began with the use of non-polar solvents, semipolar solvents, and polar solvents, respectively. Each soaking process was completed for 5 × 24 h. Results: From the Temulawak extract with different levels of solvent polarity, 76.048 gm were obtained for the methanol fraction, 106.242 gm for the ethyl acetate fraction, and 154.575 gm for the n-hexane fraction. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest inhibitory value for antioxidant activity of 50% (IC50) 22.59 mg/l. The results of this research's β-carotene content were 0.0865 gm. Ethyl acetate fraction was known to have good activity from the antibacterial activity test. The inhibition zone of E. coli and B. subtilis bacteria was 11.5 ± 0.71 with a minimum concentration of 3.13 mg/ml. The inhibition zone of S. aureus was 10.5 ± 0.17 with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.25 mg/ml, while the inhibition zone for Salmonella sp. was 8.125 ± 0.35 with a MIC of 37.50 mg/ml. Conclusion: All fractions have moderate antibacterial activity, yet the ability of the ethyl acetate fraction of Temulawak extract was higher than the methanol and n-hexane fractions. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 192-204]

Objective: This study examines the effects of lime leaf and cinnamon essential oils (EOs) at different concentrations and storage durations on the quality of Se'i under ambient conditions. Materials and Methods: We used a two-factor completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor involved EO concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, while the second factor was storage duration at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. Key parameters evaluated included pH, tenderness, thiobarbituric acid values, meat color, and sensory analysis. Results: The results indicated that adding EOs effectively preserved the smoked meat, with improved quality parameters compared to the control group. Conclusion: Adding 0.5% lime leaf or cinnamon essential oil to Se'i made it taste and look much better, showing that it could be used as a natural way to keep smoked meats fresh. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 33-43]

Objective: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of anisakiasis and its associated risk factors in the Sangihe Islands Regency, Indonesia, where people have a unique habit of consuming raw seafood "Kinilo." Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 112 respondents who met the inclu¬sion criteria using the Indirect ELISA method with the Anisakidae immunoglobulin G (IgG) kit. Results: The results showed that 59/112 respondents (52.67%) were seropositive for Anisakidae IgG, with significant risk factors such as the consumption of Katsuwonus pelamis and measures related to eating habits. Multivariate analysis revealed that consumption of raw K. pelamis was associated with a 45.748 times higher risk of anisakiasis. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need to raise awareness and implement interventions to prevent infection, including fish processing and storage education. This study emphasizes the need for a holistic health approach to reduce the risk factors for anisakiasis in at-risk communities. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 8-18]