Gentamicin (GM) is a widely used aminoglycoside antibiotic with a broad spectrum anti-microbial activity. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the histopathological studies on the gentamicin myocardial tissue effect are scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the histopathological impact of gentamicin on myocardial tissue besides evaluating the possible cardioprotective role of sesame oil (SEO), and its antioxidant influences against cardiotoxic action of gentamicin in the experimental rats. Forty female Wistar albino rats were divided randomly into four different isolated groups (Ten animals each); Group I was administered normal saline and acts as a control group. Group II was received SEO at a dose of (8 ml/kg daily via gavage) daily for the 10 successive days. Group III was given gentamicin at the dose of (100 mg/kg i.p.) for 10 sequential days. Group IV was given SEO as group II and one-hour latter rats were given gentamicin as in group III. Administration of GM resulted in significant (p≤0.05) structural myocardial alterations in the form of cardiac myofibers disarrangement, hypertrophy; interstitial fibrosis, vascular thrombosis and ischemic infarction. Immunohistochemistry revealed increased iNOS expression levels in GM hearts compared with control groups. Interestingly, concomitant administration of SEO with GM in Group IV revealed a significant reduction in GM‑induced changes, reduced the expression of iNOS and provided a guarding effect to the myocardium. It could be concluded that sesame oil potently may attenuate gentamicin cardiotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and with possible reduction in nitric oxide level in the hearts of Wistar albino rats.

Dioctophyma renale is a nematode known as giant red kidney worm and parasites kidneys of domestic and wild animals. For its life cycle to be complete, the parasite needs an aquatic environment to develop inside the intermediate and paratenic hosts (annelid oligochaete, fishes and frogs). Subsequently these hosts may be ingested by domestic and wild carnivores. In this report, we reviewed cases of roaming dogs which, probably due to their poor feeding habits and proximity to fish farming areas, have been infected by this parasite and attended at the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Paraná, in the municipality of Palotina. A progressive exploitation of aquaculture in local properties is observed within the region, which might provide favorable conditions for the occurrence of the disease in local roaming dogs.

Multidrug resistant, Streptococcus (Strep.) producing biofilm (SPB) considered the most important environmental pathogens associated with concern problems in dairy farms and confers public health hazard. This cohort study aimed to evaluate Strep. spp. in dairy farms, antibiotic resistance pattern against 15 antibiotics, and detected the ability of isolates to biofilm formation phenotypically by quantitative (polystyrene), qualitative (Congo Red Agar (CRA)) and Geno-typically by lmb and brpA genes. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and carvacrol nano-emulsions (CNE) were investigated in vitro by polystyrene method (which is considered the first record, according to the authors knowledge) in field by washing milking utensils. A total of 150 milk samples (cows and buffaloes) were collected, in addition to 48 swabs from milking utensils of different farms in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. The prevalence of Strep. spp. was 21.72% of all examined samples and the most frequently isolated pathogen was Strep. agalactia (12.6 %). Overall, there were 14% of isolates resistant to vancomycin. Strep. uberis revealed the highest resistance to most antibiotics used and 80% of it considered biofilm producers. SPB were classified to strong (23.3%), moderate (32.5%), weak (27.9%) and non-producers (16.3%) by polystyrene method, while, 55.8% considered biofilm producers by CRA. All SPB were positive to lmb and only three were negative to brpA genes. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and the MBECs were 30% and 20 % for CNPs and CNE, respectively. In addition, complete inhibition to SPB in milking utensils occurred at 10 and 20 minutes from washing by CNE 20% and CNPs 30%, respectively. The present study concluded that most of the isolated Strep. spp. are biofilm producers, which are resistant to studied chemotherapeutic agents. CNE is considered more efficient than CNPs for elimination of SPB.

Cattle are monotocous species and cow usually deliver one calf per birth.  The present report has the aim to notify the birth occurrence of quadruplets of a Nelore cow: first time in scientific literature for this breed. The report presents negative and positive consequences of event.

The current study showed that the right and left kidneys of a Pit Bull dog were normal, the only difference, which appeared in the left kidney, is the bulging of the mid-lateral border with a marked depression in the craniolateral aspect of the left kidney.

This study was conducted to record the potential risk of some pathogens in table eggs in Beni-Suef city, Egypt. A total of 100 table eggs samples (Farm and Baladi eggs) were randomly collected from poultry farms, markets, supermarkets and groceries in Beni-Suef city, 50 farm eggs samples (each of 3 eggs) and 50 baladi eggs samples (each of 5 eggs) were examined for the presence of coliforms, E.coli, Salmonella, coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcal enterotoxins. Isolates were identified by biochemical, serological and molecular (PCR) methods. The obtained results in the present study revealed that (22%) of the examined samples were contaminated with Coliforms. The other identified genera were Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter diversus, Edwardsiella tarda, Enterobacter spp., Morgonella morganii, Klebsiella oxytoca, Providencea spp., Serratia fonticola and Yersinia intermedia. E.coli (atypical type) was detected in a percentage of 27.27%. True fecal E. coli and Salmonella spp. failed to be detected in any of the whole examined 100 eggs samples. Additionally, Staphylococcus spp. was detected with incidence rate of (13%), out of them, 8 (61.5%) isolates were accounted for coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus. Enterotoxin profiling revealed that two classical enterotoxin genes (SEA and SED) were detected either singly or in combination. The potential health hazards and the suggested control measures of the isolated strains had been discussed.

Pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella multocida is, one of the most important infectious diseases of goats resulting in huge economical loss, not been previously reported in Egyptian native goats. This study was carried out to diagnose P. multocida depending on clinical examination, necropsy, bacterial culture and histopathology as well as pasteurella antigens detection by immunohistochemistry and then to compare the results of immunohistochemistry (IHC) with other traditional diagnostic methods. Thus, a clinicopathological examination was done on twenty Egyptian native goats (1-24-month old) showed clinical manifestations of nasal discharges, frothy salivation, weakness, in-appetence and eventual deaths. Necropsy consistently displayed severe fibrinous pleuritis, pneumonic patches in many lobes with focal hemorrhage and abundance of sero-sanguinous fluid along the thoracic regions. Hemorrhage with scattered yellowish necrotizing lesions was observed on the liver and spleen. Histopathology of the lungs revealed fibrinous and suppurative bronchopneumonia with massive distension of the pulmonary alveoli with inflammatory cells, red blood cells and fibrin. Various pathological alterations were also observed in the liver, heart, kidney, spleen and intestine. The isolated bacteria were identified as P. multocida. PCR and IHC positive reaction of P. multocida was detected in the lung, liver, kidney, heart, spleen and intestine. It could be concluded that the gross and histopathological lesions may be helpful in initial diagnosis of pasteurellosis in goat but it has to be complemented by other diagnostic tests. IHC method evidenced to be a consistent, accurate, and fast technique to incorporate these traditional pasteurellosis diagnostic approaches.

Trichinella zimbabwensis naturally infects a variety of reptilian and wild mammalian hosts in South Africa. Attempts have been made to experimentally infect piranha fish with T. zimbabwensis and T. papuae without success. Tigerfish (Hydrocynus vittatus) and African sharp tooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) are accomplished predators cohabiting with Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) and Nile monitor lizards (Varanus niloticus) in southern Africa and are natural hosts of T. zimbabwensis. To assess the infectivity of T. zimbabwensis to these two hosts, 24 African sharp tooth catfish (mean live weight 581.75 ± 249.71 g) randomly divided into 5 groups were experimentally infected with 1.0 ± 0.34 T. zimbabwensis larvae per gram (lpg) of fish. Forty-one tigerfish (mean live weight 298.6 ± 99.3 g) were randomly divided for three separate trials. An additional 7 tigerfish were assessed for the presence of natural infection as controls. Results showed no adult worms or larvae of T. zimbabwensis in the gastrointestinal tract and body cavities of catfish sacrificed at day 1, 2 and 7 post-infection (p.i.). Two tigerfish from one experimental group yielded 0.1 lpg and 0.02 lpg of muscle tissue at day 26 p.i. and 28 p.i., respectively. No adult worms or larvae were detected in the fish from the remaining groups sacrificed at day 7, 21, 28, 33 and 35 p.i. and from the control group. Results from this study suggest that tigerfish could sustain T. zimbabwensis under specific yet unknown circumstances.

The philtrum is well known as a median groove within the upper lip of mammalian species. However, a peculiar serpentine duct was identified within the mucosal surface of the camel philtrum. To the best of the author’s knowledge, the available literature did not mention any information regarding the presence of a complete duct in such location. For these, this study was aimed to reveal the gross and microscopic structure as well as to discuss the possible functions of this labial duct in dromedary. Twenty snouts from 20 camel heads were used. The labial duct had unique morphological and microscopic structure. It was a median highly tortuous duct with proximal and distal segments connected to each other through a capillary portion. The latter revealed only at the microscopic level. The duct had two entrances, the proximal and distal papillae. Importantly, the microscopic studies revealed that it also had an olfactory portion. In conclusion, the labial duct in camels is a peculiar anatomical structure, which may function as an organ of alarm.

This work designed to monitor the hygienic quality of drinking water supply in a small commercial poultry farm and to assess the efficiency of different new disinfectant compounds against some pathogenic bacterial isolates. A total of 60 water samples was collected from both the main source and drinkers for physico-chemical and bacteriological examination. The sensitivity pattern of 40 strains of bacterial isolates to commonly used disinfectants in poultry facilities for water supply treatment was evaluated using the broth macro-dilution method. Results, the mean values of both alkalinity and total hardness were found in the highest rate of 183.0±17.6 and 345.6±7.6 mg/l compared to their values in the main water source. Furthermore, the mean value of ammonia in drinkers besides nitrite, and phosphate discovered at the highest level compared to the main water supply (1.36±0.31, 3.4±0.46, 26.3±0.78 mg/l, respectively). Both E. coli and Shigella spp. in drinkers were detected at the highest isolation rate (22.6%). Salmonella kentucky (S. kentucky: O20, 8 H I) isolates were found at the highest rate of 57.1%. Whilst the pathogenic E. coli serotyping Poly3 (O157) recorded at 66.67%, followed by E. coli O114 33.33%. Biocidal efficiency of Klorsept 25 disinfectant against investigated pathogenic bacterial isolates was 100% at a concentration of 2.0 mg/l after 180 min of exposure. Whilst the efficiency of calcium hypochlorite Ca (Ocl)2 against E. coli and S. kentucky was 100% at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l and exposure time 120 min. The susceptibility of all bacterial isolates to H2O2 disinfectant at a concentration of 5.0 % was 100% within 60 min contact time. In conclusion, the investigation of hygienic quality of water supply should be occurred periodically to ensure the safety of water source for poultry chick's health. The sensitivity of the studied pathogenic bacterial isolates is 100% to Klorsept 25 disinfectant at a concentration of 2.0 mg/l, calcium hypochlorite (Ca (Ocl)2) at 0.5 mg/l, and H2O2 at 5.0 % at exposure time does not exceed 180 min.