ABSTRACT Escherichia coli was isolated from 56 dog fecal sample (69.14%) out of 81 collected samples. The antibacterial activity of E. coli isolate was primarily and secondarily screened on sold and liquid media. The results of primary screening showed that 56 isolates had antibacterial activity against tested gram positive and negative standard strains. By secondary screening E. coli isolate was able to produce antimicrobial agent in fermentation media at different incubation conditions, but larger amount of produced antimicrobial agent was obtained at 37Co, 24h, 180rpm by used seed and fermentation media. Different methods were used to determine the purity and to characterize the produced antimicrobial agent physically, chemically and biologically. The results of purity test revealed that the produced antimicrobial agent appeared as pure compound with only one spot in paper chromatography. The result of physical, chemical and biological characterization showed that the produced antimicrobial agent was peptide material with low toxicity 2350mgkg body weight.

This study was carried out juveniles common carp, Cyprinus carpio to determined the effect of (WSF) of crude oil on blood glucose and hemoglobin of blood values and glycogen of liver and muscles exposed to sub lethal effects for using different concentration. Study showed lower levels of blood hemoglobin and glycogen of liver and muscles, while blood glucose values have risen when exposed to concentrations of crude oil used.

The purpose of this study was to determinate The location, arrangement , the total number of fungiform papillae and number of those papillae in different regions of Twenty Tongues of Iraqi sheep (males) in different ages(two, four month embryo ,five month old and two year old) .Histological sections of fungiform papillae in different region from tongues were studied. Bapillae diameters and number of taste buds was assigned for each sample. The results showed that the papillae arise during embryological stage was thickened epithelium forming protrusion on the tongue surface. No significant differences was observed in the total number of the fungiform papillae in all ages. All papillae were distributed in the rostral part of the tongue, The papillae diameter showed significant increase respect to ages in all region. The taste buds were showed significant difference in number between 4 month embryo and 5 month old, while no significant between 5 month old and 2 year old. The number of taste buds for each papillae was more in cranial and caudal part compared with the middle part. The diameter of taste buds showed difference according to ages in all regions.

The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the histopathological changes and the efficacy of ethambutol of treatment mice infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thirty of white Swisrland mice is 6-8 weeks age, weighted 20-25gm were used they were randomly divided into 3 groups contain of 10 animals for each group. - The 1st group (infected animal group) were inoculate.ed with 0.1 ml of bacterial suspension contain 1x108 cfu/ml intraperitonialy. - The 2nd group (group of infected-treated animal) were also infected as the fist group but after 30 day of infection were treated with 0.1 ml of ethambutol was given orally for 1 30 days. - The 3rd group maintained as a control and were inoculated with 1 ml of sterial normal saline intraperitonealy. At 60 day post infection all animals were sacrified and samples from different organs (liver, lungs, kidncys, spleen, intestine) were isolated for that histopathological examination. The result showed sever pathological lesion such as granulomatous lesions in lungs and livers of infected animals, with depletion of white pulp of spleen and conjestion with degenerative changes seen in kidneys and intestine with infiltration of inflammatory cells. While the infected-treated animals show mild or no pathological lesion in their internal organs.

The present study revealed to the record digenetic parasites viz., Lecithocladium bulbolabrum in the small intestine of the black pomfret fishes Parastromateus niger for the first time in Iraq and the Arabian Gulf .

Proctodeal gland (foam gland) of adult male Asian quail (Coturnix coturnix) was studied microscopically. The study declared firstly the foamy appearance of the male quail proctodeal gland and assure its importance for the sexual activity and its absence from the female quail and its species specificity for only the male quail in comparison to the male turkey. The present work also try to compare functionally between male quail proctodeal gland and other accessory sex glands, such as Cowper's gland and seminal vesicle gland

Ninety chicks were experimentally, orally received different doses of estradiol-17β and diethylstilbestrol with ration. Samples were collected from tissues (wings, breast muscles, thigh muscles, skin and fat) and giblets (liver and gizzard) for detection of hormonal residues after 4 and 21 days from the last dose, which proved the presence of such residues in all samples. Effect of temperatures (boiling, roasting and freezing) on hormonal residues of positive samples was evaluated. It was proved that There is no significant variations in reduction of hormonal residues in each of breast and thigh muscles of chickens at (p < 0.05) after boiling, roasting and freezing at - 20˚ C as well as a significant differences was detected in skin and fat samples at (p < 0.05) after boiling and roasting. Public health importance of hormonal residues was discussed.

The physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters of water in fish ponds were investigated with a view to optimize the conditions for fish productivity by using three private fish farms with different water supplies. Water and fish samples were collected equally from each pond over a period of 17 months. Water temp., Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, and bacterial count were determined. The average values of bacterial, parasitic, survival and growth rates of fish were also assessed. Results revealed that pond water in farm (III) had the highest averages of temperature nitrite, nitrate 31.8±1.5, 8.18± 0.9, 0.41 ± 0.06 , 3.79 ± 0.6 resp., with the least content of DO 3.6 ± 0.7 followed by farm (II),which had also the highest mean values of NH3 - N, total coliform and fecal coliforms were 3.15±0.65, 59.0 & 18.5 followed by ponds of farm (III), while, the lowest averages of estimated parameters were recorded in farm (I).Correspondingly, fish samples of farm (III) showed the highest level of total bacterial, coliform, fecal coliform count and parasitic infestation; were 42.5±5.4, 29.6±3.6 , 11.3±3.1 and 31.15% respectively, followed by fish of farm(II) 29.75±3.5, 11.5±3.3, 7.4±1.1 and 10.8 % respectively, Meanwhile, fish in farm (I) showed the lowest value of both bacterial contents with no parasitic infestation which explain the highest percentages of daily weight gain & survival rates 35.2±4.4 gm. & 97.0 ±1.6 % respectively. Throughout study period compared with those in farms (III & II) respectively, resulting from poor water quality & parasitic infestation which acts as stressors affecting fish health and productivity. Therefore, fish productivity can be enhanced if the water quality in the ponds were maintained at optimum levels.

The effect of diethyl aminoethyl (DEAE) dextran on the infectivity titre of sheep pox virus (SPV) was studied with different concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100 μg/ml) of DEAE-dextran on Vero cell culture. It was found that 25 and 50μg/ml were not toxic. The same concentrations were used with sheep pox virus inoculum showing that the best virus titre (106.3 TCID50/ml) reached with the use of 25μg/ml DEAE-dextran after 10 passages. The enhanced viral fluid was tested in-vivo, by vaccination of susceptible lambs and challenge of them with the virulent sheep pox virus. These lambs showed complete protection against the disease. The SP neutralizing antibody indices (NI) were estimated in the collected serum samples post vaccination and challenge; confirmed that 25μg of DEAE-dextran/ml virus-inoculum induced an increase in neutralizing antibodies in comparison with those induced by currently used sheep pox vaccine.

This study was carried out to determine the immunomodulating effect of β-glucans and mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on the immune response of chickens to Newcastle disease vaccine. The results showed that birds received β-glucans and MOS having higher average body weights values and significantly higher ND HI antibody titer than the other non medicated groups. Thymus, spleen and bursal indices of control negative showed significantly lower values than vaccinated medicated and non-medicated groups. Both total and differential leukocytic and lymphocytic counts showed significantly higher in medicated group than other groups. Liver function test showed lower AST and ALT in medicated group than other groups. Results of challenge test with NDV confirmed that MOS and B glucans immunostimulant improved protection rate by 15% in medicated than non- medicated ones. In conclusion MOS and B glucans can be given to chicken to improve both body weight and protection against VV NDV challenge that predominated in Egypt.