An adult one-year-old male Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) died of a traumatic injury to its right leg from a fall. At necropsy, fibrinopurulent exudates were observed in the thoracic cavity. Histopathologic examination showed that the pericardium, thoracic wall, pulmonary pleura and the lungs were markedly thickened due to mixtures of necrotic cellular debris, neutrophils, fibrin, red blood cells, and bacterial aggregates. Pure culture of Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae was isolated from the thoracic exudates, pleura and heart tissues. Based on these findings, this is the first report describing pleuritis and pericarditis associated to K. pneumoniae in a beaver.

A method for the quantification of eugenol in the medicinal herb Clove was developed and validated. For preparation of sample solutions clove was dried at 60℃ for 2h and ground by mixer and extracted with 95% ethanol for shaking extraction. The elutes were analyzed by HPLC system included a reversed phase column, a isocratic mobile phase of 60% methanol and PDA detector set at 280 nm. Calibration graphs were linear with very good correlation coefficients(r² greater then 0.9999) from 0.0125~1 ㎍/ml. The limit of detection per sample injection (20 ㎕) was 0.81 ng/㎕ and limit of quantification was 2.47 ng/㎕. The method showed good intra-day precision (%RSD 0.08~0.27%) and inter-day precision (%RSD 0.32~1.19%).

Pathogens causing significant respiratory disease in growing pigs include Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Porcine circovirus 2, swine influenza virus, porcine respiratory coronavirus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and Bordetella bronchiseptica. The objective of this research was to characterize the respiratory excretion of these pathogens by acutely infected pigs. Pigs were inoculated under experimental conditions with 1 pathogen. Samples were collected from the upper respiratory tract and exhaled air. All pathogens were detected in swabs of the upper respiratory tract, but only M. hyopneumoniae and B. bronchiseptica were detected in expired air from individually sampled, acutely infected pigs. These findings suggest either that the acutely infected pigs did not aerosolize the viruses or that the quantity of virus excreted was below the detection threshold of current sampling or assay systems, or both, at the individual-pig level.

It was found that 0.3M of telluric acid dissolved in distilled water added in to Muller-Hinton agar media inhibited the growth of some gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus and Streptococcus pyogenes) as well as some gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Higher concentration of telluric acid solution in to the media inhibited growth of bacteria more strongly

Above 100 of street dogs were infested with OWS ( chrysomya bezziana larvae villeneuvi ) . It may considered a source of sepirated of adult fly of Screw – worm ows –fly involve injuries on the skin of sick dogs infected with mange or tics or lice (external parasite ) which cause Pitical injuries fly lead 150 -500eggs to hatch of the 6-12hours to instor larva &caused myiasis with 50c temperature & 60 -80 humidity (may &June ). Dogs be nervous &run away with heavy infected by ows . infected dogs which under cultural were treated with general therapy &some chemical insecticides take good results .

Haematological values of sixty normal dogs aged from 2 months to 2 years of both sexes were estimated. Red blood cells count (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV). Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total and differential leukocyte count, total plasma protein, plasma albumin, fibrinogen and globulins were determined using several laboratory techniques and equations. The results revealed that, all RBCs parameters decreased with age except Hb, MCH and MCHC. The latter two increased with age while Hb was unchanged. All other parameters increased significantly with age. There were no significant differences in all parameters between both sexes.

End toxin is responsible for different changes in body systems. This study was conducted to study hematological changes by using 20 rabbits, were randomly divided into 4 equal groups, then gave intravenous endotoxin doses 5, 15 and 20 µg/Kg body weight for groups I, II and III respectively, while group IV gave PBS as a control. The hematological findings included marked leukopenia due to neutropenia followed by marked leukocytosis with left shift associated with lymphocytosis, monocytosis and basophilia. Total erythrocytes, packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration were increased during first hour, while the following time showed gradual decrease to develop anemia, which manifested by macrocytic hypochromic, in relation to the increased mean corpuscular volume and decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Also thrombocytopenia, while the total plasma protein and fibrinogen showed pronounced increased due to endotoxemia

Objective--To assess the impacts of the introduction of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and various FMD control programs in southern Thailand. Animals--A native population of 562,910 cattle and 33,088 buffalo as well as 89,294 animals legally transported into southern Thailand. Procedures--A quantitative risk assessment was used to ascertain the probability of FMD introduction, and an intrinsic dynamic model was used to assess impacts. Value for the transmission rate (β) was estimated. Five scenarios created to assess the impacts of nonstructural protein (NSP) testing, mass vaccination, and culling were examined. Impacts were assessed through an examination of the estimated annual cumulative incidence (ACI) of FMD. The ACIs of various scenarios were compared by use of the Tukey Studentized range technique. Results--β was estimated at 0.115. Approximately 35,000 cases of FMD would be expected from the baseline situation. A 30% reduction of ACI was detected with the introduction of NSP antibody testing. Prophylactic vaccination resulted in an 85% reduction of ACI. Concurrent use of NSP antibody testing and vaccination reduced the ACI by 96%, and the addition of an eradication policy resulted in a slightly greater decrease in the ACI (98%). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance--The study used epidemiologic models to investigate FMD control interventions. Results suggested that vaccination has more impact than the use of NSP testing. Use of the NSP test reduced ACI during peak seasons, whereas vaccination diminished the underlying incidence. The best mitigation plan was an integrated and strategic use of multiple control techniques.

The species composition and geographic distribution of ixodid ticks infesting domestic dogs owned by people in rural communities and villages in Maputo Province was established by collecting ticks from dogs at each of 27 localities spread throughout the province. Ticks were collected from a total of 132 dogs, and nine species belonging to four genera were identified. One dog was infested with six species, three with five and 13 with four species. Haemaphysalis elliptica followed by Rhipicephalus simus were present on dogs at most localities, and their geographic distribution in Maputo Province has been mapped for the first time.

Cohorts of yearlings were sampled over a period of 6 years in a retrospective serological survey to establish the annual prevalence of serotype specific antibody to equine encephalosis virus on Thoroughbred stud farms distributed within defined geographical regions of South Africa. Seasonal seroprevalence varied between 3.6 % and 34.7 %, revealing both single and multiple serotype infections in an individual yearling. During the course of this study serotypes 1 and 6 were most frequently and extensively identified while the remaining serotypes 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 were all identified as sporadic and localized infections affecting only individual horses. This study of the seasonal prevalence of equine encephalosis virus has a corollary and serves as a useful model in the seasonal incidence of the serotypes of African horse sickness and bluetongue in regions where the respective diseases are endemic.