Nayaband coastal protected area with approximately 49815 ha area, south of Iran, was the best opportunity to became the first and only Iraniancoastal-marine national park due to its special geographical location and ecological characteristics. However, with the establishing of naturalgas extraction facilities in its neighboring as the largest and most important energy zone in Iran, since 1997, and the emergence of extensiveenvironmental impacts of the project activities, today this opportunity should be considered forever to be lost. In this paper, the criteria for siteselection of coastal-marine national parks have been determined through a literature review and then the ecological characteristics of the studyarea compared with these criteria. The most important criteria for site selection of coastal-marine national parks are biodiversity (includingboth species and habitat diversity) and ecological integrity. Based on the results Nayband coastal protected area benefits a diversity of habitatsincluding mangrove forest habitats, river estuaries, creeks, coral reefs, small gulfs, tidal zones, sandy and rocky beaches, coastal lagoons andterrestrial savanna likes habitats. This diverse habitats encompass more than 300 species including plants, mammalian, aquatic and terrestrialbirds, amphibians, reptiles, fishes, shrimps, lobsters, oysters, gastropods and corals species, and maybe more unknown species from invertebratesand insects. Overall, the study area in terms of biodiversity criteria could earn points for assigning the title of “National Park”. Nevertheless,unfortunately, because of the development and industrial activities in the onshore and offshore, the second criteria, ecological integrity,has been affected drastically. Disturbing upstream-downstream surface runoff, blocking migratory corridors, receiving air and water pollutants,constructing bridges and closing or tightening water entrance of creeks have been led to the deterioration of ecological integrity. That is, theopportunity of establishing the first and only Marine – Coastal National Park of Iran has been lost.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gamithromycin on rat uterus smooth muscles and to evaluate the possible mechanism of action. Forty-four uterine tissues isolated from 16 female Wistar rats weighing 200-250 grams were used in the experiments. In the preliminary experiments, gamithromycin was tested at concentrations of 10-7 M, 10-6 M and 10-5 M; where 10-5 M was selected for the experiments. In Group 1, the uterus segments were treated for 10 min with 10-5 M gamithromycin following 10 min control contractions. In Group 2, the effect of 10-5 M gamithromycin over 2.5 mIU / mL oxytocin contraction was evaluated. In Group 3, the effect of 10-5 M gamithromycin was evaluated over 10-8 M atropine incubation. In Group 4, 10-5 M gamithromycin was applied for 10 min followed by 0.0625 μg/ml of cloprostenol application. The same protocols were applied for dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as control. Frequency, average amplitude and peak amplitude values ​​of the contractions were assessed. In Group 1, gamithromycin in were shown to increase the contractility at 10-5 M significantly (P≤0.01); while no statistically significant difference was observed in comparison to DMSO (P> 0.05). For the other tested groups, no statistically important difference were observed (P> 0.05). The nonsignificant difference of the results of this study can be attributed to the chemical form of gamithromycin and the concentration used. In order to be able to fully assess the effects and possible mechanism of gamihtromycin on the uterine smooth muscle, higher gamithromycin concentrations should be studied and, if possible, further studies should be performed with different agonist and antagonist agents.

This study evaluated the bioequivalence of three different enrofloxacin preparations in broilers after oral administration. Forty male broilers (Ross 308 broiler breeders) fed with feed containing no residues of drugs and pollutants for 30 days were used in the study. They were divided into four experimental groups each consisting of 10 animals. Enrofloxacin active substance solution, Reference Drug, Test Drug 1, and Test Drug 2 were administered to Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4, respectively. Intravenous (IV) administration was performed in Group 1 whereas Groups 2, 3, and 4 received oral gastrointestinal administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg using a probe. A blood sample of 1.0–2.0 mL was collected from the animals through v.cutanea ulnaris into sterile heparinized tubes before the drug administration (0.0 min) and at 0.5th, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th, 18th, 24th, 36th, and 48th hours after drug administration starting at 5th minute in Group 1 and 0.25th hour in other groups. Blood plasma was separated into its own fractions. Following the extraction of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin from plasma, measurements were made using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Danofloxacin active substance was used as an internal standard (IS) in the extraction stage. Tests were performed for the sensitivity and reproducibility of the extraction method. Accordingly, HPLC showed that the time for plasma drug concentration to reach the peak value was 11.9–12.8th minutes for enrofloxacin, 8.4–9.2th minutes for ciprofloxacin, and 10.4–11.2th minutes for danofloxacin. The sensitivity of the method was determined as 0.01 µg/mL for enrofloxacin and 0.04 µg/mL for its metabolite ciprofloxacin and the recovery value of the method was found to be 75–90% for enrofloxacin and 55–70% for ciprofloxacin.  In the determination of bioequivalence, values obtained by dividing the area under the curve (AUC) of the test drug 1 and test drug 2 and plasma peak plasma concentration (Cmax) into the reference drug (0.96 and 0.97, respectively for the AUC and 0.92 and 0.97, respectively for Cmax) were found to be within acceptable limits (0.80–1.25).

Salmonella is gram negative, facultative anaerobe and zoonotic bacteria and their serotyping based on the Kauffmann-White schema according to these three different antigens including somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens. Among these serotypes, S. enterica subsp. enterica (I) is the most important factor responsible for Salmonella infections. It has been reported in several publications that Salmonella infections caused by S. Rubislaw have started to be seen in recent years with the increase of exotic animal breeding for hobby purposes. In the serotyping of Salmonella spp. positive environmental isolate sample, which was sent from a poultry establishment to the Bacteriological Diagnostic Laboratory of the Central Research Institute of Veterinary Control on 20.10.2019, Salmonella enterica serotype Rubislaw was identified. This isolate is the first specimen in which S. Rubislaw was identified. It is highly probable that similar cases in which exotic animals play an important role in transmission are more common in our country in the near future.

This study, the Turkish version of the STROBE-VET was made to strengthen the reporting of observational studies in the veterinary fieldand making the usage of the STROBE-VET better understood by the researchers. Firstly, STROBE-VET expression translated into Turkishby 4 authors (TB, FG, ÖK, MAT) each from the other and afterwards four translated versions have been combined with consensus by experttranslator. The final version of criteria was translated into English by another expert translator using reverse translation method and found to bequiet similar between translated of Turkish control list and the original control list. Secondly, in order to assess the Turkish control list whetherit is understood correctly by the researchers, 20 studies in the field of veterinary sciences have been evaluated by two veterinarians (DÖ andMBC). The correspondence between the responses of the researchers was examined using Cohen's Kappa statistic ( ) and the percentage ofcompliance between researchers for each criterion. In addition, it was assessed using the Bland-Altman Method and the Intraclass CorrelationCoefficient (ICC) using the total number of reported criteria. According to results, criteria has a great variation in the frequency of reportingin the studies. The Turkish version of STROBE-VET will be a guide for the referees and editors of journals as well as researchers studying inthe field of veterinary science.

Mycoplasma bovis is one of the most important pathogens causing pneumonia worldwide. In this study, it was aimed to determine intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in calves infected with Mycoplasma bovis. The animal material of the study consisted of 30 calves including 20 simmental calves with pneumonia due to Mycoplasma bovis at 2-4 months of age and 10 healthy calves at the same age and the race. Serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined in calves infected M. bovis and control group. Serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were found to be statistically higher in the calves with pneumonia than in the control group (P<0.01). A positive correlation between serum ICAM-1 concentrations and Mycoplasma bovis titers (increases in coefficient ratios) were statistically significant (r=0.664), indicating a positive correlation between serum ICAM-1 and CRP levels and titers of Mycoplasma bovis in the calves with pneumonia. As a result, it was observed that serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) concentrations were increased in infected pneumonia with Mycoplasma bovis. It is considered useful to consider these parameters in evaluating the prognosis of pneumonia cases of Mycoplasma bovis origin and the efficacy of applied treatment.

In the study, the data obtained to describe the body characteristics of the Hairpin were utilized in the businesses that were registered with Karaman Province Breeding Sheep Goat Breeders Association. Body weights of 130 goats, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 years old and 50 goats, 2, 3 and 4 years old, selected by simple random sampling method were used in the data of total 900. In the study, Pearson correlation coefficient for variables providing parametric test prerequisites, and Spearman correlation analysis for variables not providing parametric test prerequisites. In the regression analysis, "live weight" dependent variable and other variables were determined as independent variables and parametric and nonparametric regression methods were applied. Univariate and multivariable regression models were applied for the whole data set. When all analyzes are evaluated, univariate regression models give lower determination coefficients (R2) than multivariate models. In this case, it has been deemed appropriate to use a multivariate regression model instead of a univariate model in order to make a correct prediction.However, in practice, univariate Quadratic or Cubic regression methods can be used for researchers.

This study was carried out to understand how sausage matrices affect the survival and acid tolerance of STEC O157 and O26. STEC O157 and O26 were inoculated on sausage surface approximately 5 log. After inoculation sausages were vacuum packed and stored at 4°C. Pathogen counts and synthetic gastric fluid (pH 1,5) experiments were conducted on day 0, 15 and 30 of the storage. Three trials were conducted for each pathogen separately. Both serogroups had viable counts on sausage during storage, STEC O26 count decreased about 1log and O157 about 3log during storage. At the end of the storage both O26 and O157 were viable on the sausage surface 4.59 log and 2.54 log respectively. For acid survival experiments pathogen counts were obtained on 30th, 60th and 90th minute of synthetic gastric fluid (SGF) exposure. Our results show that O26 endured acid stress longer than O157 during SGF experiments throughout storage of frankfurters. The results of this study may support the idea that some non-O157 STEC strains might be more resistant to acid stress than O157 STEC but further studies should be conducted before drawing a conclusion.

This study was carried out to investigate the socio-economic analysis of fishermen of Çıldır Lake (Ardahan/Kars) cooperative. It has beendetermined that all fishermen are members of these cooperatives and that they are not members of any other nongovernmental organization. Ithas been determined that the ages of fishermen vary between 34 and 74, 100% are married and their spouses are between 20 and 70 years old.They were found to be primary school graduates with a rate of 74%. 65.21% of fishermen received a special training on their professions. Itwas found that 17.4% of fishermen had no sources of income other than fishing, and the remaining 82.6% were active in agriculture, animalhusbandry or other fields. It is generally determined that they have 1 boat, the majority of the boats are 6 m in length and made of iron. It wasseen that 43.47% of family members participated in hunting activities. Ownership of all of the boats belonged to the fishermen themselves and30.4% of them were informed that they were receiving them with the help of their boat families. It was found that fishermen used pinters incrayfish hunting and fennel nets in fish hunting. Although Çıldır Lake fishermen 's professions are found to be economically inadequate, it hasbeen determined that 14 fishermen with 60.87% of their income are happy to do this job due to their presence in one or more of the reasons foradditional income, habit, passion / hobby.

In the world, aquaculture is seen as the fastest growing and developing food production sector and however, in the near future, it is estimatedthat the rates of fisheries and aquaculture will be equalized. In 2015, the fisheries production of the world amounted to 170,345,641 tons (fisheries;93,704,616 tons and aquaculture; 76,641,025 tons) according to the FAO records.The aquaculture in Turkey started in 1970s and its rate in total fisheries production has rapidly increased as of 2000. In our country, the amountof aquaculture, which was 79,943 tons in 2003, reached 253,395 tons in 2016. The aquaculture rate in the total production of our country hasincreased by more than 310%. As one of the most important reasons for this rate increase, it is seen to be providing some support policies withvarious incentive systems by the government for support and encourage the aquaculture in country.Directly product support for aquaculture farmers was started in 2003. According to the total capacity of the farms, total product and fry supportswere provided. In 2008, the total capacity supported was limited to 2000 tons/year. However, in 2012, different tonnage application (whole unitprice to 250 tons/year and ½ unit price from 251 to 500 tons/year) were brought to the total product support and the fry support was removed.At the same time, the processed product support was brought at the rate of twice the amount specified in the invoices of the total product. In thepresent, the support system is still continuing.The types of product support, prices, supported capacities and the expense criteria are applied annually by issuing the “Aquaculture SupportCommuniqués” in the Official Gazette.